汽车工程 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 861-869.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.06.009
收稿日期:
2020-10-30
修回日期:
2021-01-23
出版日期:
2021-06-25
发布日期:
2021-06-29
通讯作者:
洪亮
E-mail:loudly1986@126.com
基金资助:
Liang Hong1,2(),Gang Liu1,Ruhai Ge3
Received:
2020-10-30
Revised:
2021-01-23
Online:
2021-06-25
Published:
2021-06-29
Contact:
Liang Hong
E-mail:loudly1986@126.com
摘要:
本文旨在对某校车的主动式安全气囊进行多目标优化,以提高其对12岁儿童乘员的保护功效。首先,确定12岁儿童的损伤阈值;搭建校车—主动式安全气囊耦合模型。其次,简化台车试验的原始波形,模拟4种校车碰撞工况。最后,选取气囊安装点高度、泄气阀开启压力、泄气阀开度和中部拉带长度为优化参数;基于响应面代理模型与NSGA-Ⅱ的变型算法,以加权伤害指标WICC为优化目标,开展主动式安全气囊的多目标优化。结果表明:4种校车碰撞工况下,主动式安全气囊的优化效果显著;对于碰撞速度最高的工况,头部伤害指标HIC15、颈部伤害指标Nij、胸部合成加速度T3ms、胸部压缩量THPC和WICC分别降低了28.58%、14.79%、10.02%、10.26%和18.08%。
洪亮,刘刚,葛如海. 基于12岁儿童损伤阈值的主动式安全气囊多目标优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(6): 861-869.
Liang Hong,Gang Liu,Ruhai Ge. Multi⁃objective Optimization of Active Safety Airbag Based on the Injury Thresholds of 12⁃year⁃old Children[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(6): 861-869.
表 3
Optimal Latin Hypercube试验(工况1与工况2)"
序号 | 工况1 | 工况2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1/m | x2/Pa | x3 | x4/ m | x1/ m | x2/Pa | x3 | x4/ m | |
1 | 0.389 8 | 1.3090×105 | 1.876 | 0.270 3 | 0.378 6 | 1.2469×105 | 1.462 | 0.293 1 |
2 | 0.378 6 | 1.3028×105 | 1.379 | 0.317 9 | 0.369 7 | 1.1786×105 | 1.297 | 0.315 9 |
3 | 0.387 6 | 1.2159×105 | 2 | 0.286 9 | 0.351 7 | 1.2034×105 | 0.966 | 0.268 3 |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
28 | 0.398 8 | 1.3338×105 | 1.628 | 0.297 2 | 0.394 3 | 1.1848×105 | 1.09 | 0.266 2 |
29 | 0.380 9 | 1.2097×105 | 1.172 | 0.32 | 0.371 9 | 1.1910×105 | 1.917 | 0.270 3 |
30 | 0.369 7 | 1.1786×105 | 0.924 | 0.295 2 | 0.354 | 1.3276×105 | 1.545 | 0.264 1 |
表 4
Optimal Latin Hypercube试验(工况3与工况4)"
序号 | 工况3 | 工况4 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x1/m | x2/Pa | x3 | x4/m | x1/m | x2/Pa | x3 | x4/m | |
1 | 0.358 4 | 1.3214×105 | 1.793 | 0.307 6 | 0.407 8 | 1.2717×105 | 0.883 | 0.299 3 |
2 | 0.405 5 | 1.2097×105 | 0.924 | 0.286 9 | 0.349 5 | 1.2779×105 | 1.007 | 0.270 3 |
3 | 0.378 6 | 1.2407×105 | 1.379 | 0.291 | 0.394 3 | 1.2407×105 | 1.214 | 0.264 1 |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
28 | 0.354 | 1.2221×105 | 1.917 | 0.297 2 | 0.356 2 | 1.3152×105 | 1.71 | 0.311 7 |
29 | 0.356 2 | 1.3152×105 | 1.752 | 0.276 6 | 0.403 3 | 1.1848×105 | 0.966 | 0.286 9 |
30 | 0.403 3 | 1.2655×105 | 1.586 | 0.317 9 | 0.365 2 | 1.1786×105 | 1.917 | 0.280 7 |
表 5
仿真结果与预测结果的对比"
样本点 | 项目 | WICC1 | WICC2 | WICC3 | WICC4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 仿真值 | 0.085 7 | 0.164 2 | 0.276 8 | 0.396 4 |
预测值 | 0.085 5 | 0.162 5 | 0.277 1 | 0.386 9 | |
误差 | 0.23% | 1.04% | 0.11% | 2.40% | |
16 | 仿真值 | 0.095 1 | 0.148 1 | 0.273 3 | 0.397 1 |
预测值 | 0.098 8 | 0.152 3 | 0.275 9 | 0.410 2 | |
误差 | 3.89% | 2.84% | 0.95% | 3.30% | |
23 | 仿真值 | 0.125 8 | 0.194 4 | 0.249 3 | 0.398 6 |
预测值 | 0.122 1 | 0.200 8 | 0.248 0 | 0.392 1 | |
误差 | 2.94% | 3.29% | 0.52% | 1.63% |
表8
优化前后儿童乘员损伤指标及其变化率"
工况 | HIC15 | Nij | T3ms/g | THPC/mm | WICC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 优化前 | 15.94 | 0.192 3 | 11.21 | 12.33 | 0.094 8 |
优化后 | 7.30 | 0.141 | 10.09 | 11.16 | 0.076 9 | |
改进效果 | -54.17% | -26.68% | -9.99% | -9.49% | -18.88% | |
2 | 优化前 | 72.44 | 0.427 6 | 17.10 | 14.64 | 0.193 2 |
优化后 | 43.26 | 0.331 6 | 15.85 | 13.29 | 0.155 1 | |
改进效果 | -40.29% | -22.45% | -7.31% | -9.22% | -19.72% | |
3 | 优化前 | 147.89 | 0.570 1 | 23.50 | 15.59 | 0.290 5 |
优化后 | 98.03 | 0.479 9 | 21.18 | 13.72 | 0.235 2 | |
改进效果 | -33.71% | -15.82% | -9.87% | -11.99% | -19.04% | |
4 | 优化前 | 262.90 | 0.728 9 | 31.83 | 15.99 | 0.423 2 |
优化后 | 187.76 | 0.621 1 | 28.64 | 14.35 | 0.346 7 | |
改进效果 | -28.58% | -14.79% | -10.02% | -10.26% | -18.08% |
1 | 张金换, 许述财, 杨欣, 等. 汽车儿童乘员碰撞伤害与防护[M].北京: 清华大学出版社, 2015. |
ZHANG J H, XU S C, YANG X, et al. Child occupant injury and protection in motor vehicle crashes[M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2015. | |
2 | 中华人民共和国教育部. 2019年全国教育事业发展统计公报[EB/OL]. , 2020-05-20. |
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Statistical bulletin of the national education development in 2019[EB/OL]. , 2020-05-20. | |
3 | MCGEEHAN J, ANNEST J L, VAJANI M, et al. School bus⁃related injuries among children and teenagers in the United States, 2001-2003[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(5): 1978-1984. |
4 | 央广网. 全国4年发生43起校车事故153人亡 多为村镇学校[EB/OL]. , 2014-07-14. |
NewsCNR. 43 school bus accidents across the country occurred in 4 years, 153 people died, mostly in village schools [EB/OL]. , 2014-07-14. | |
5 | CHANG K, VITS C, SEELY B. School bus safety: evaluating the evolution of compartmentalization and seat belt restraints[J]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2015, 2513: 72-79. |
6 | PENG Q, SUN T T, ZHU P P, et al. Occupant injury risk assessment and protective measures in frontal collision of a bus[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2019, 24 (4): 429-441. |
7 | 彭炫权. 汽车儿童座椅正面碰撞性能仿真与评价[D].广州: 华南理工大学, 2015. |
PENG X Q. Simulation and evaluation on frontal crashworthiness of child restraint system[D].Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2015. | |
8 | ZHANG L J, CHEN L, VERTIZ A, et al. Survey of front passenger posture usage in passenger vehicles[C]. SAE Paper 2004-01-0845. |
9 | BOSE D, CRANDALL J R, UNTAROIU C D, et al. Influence of pre⁃collision occupant parameters on injury outcome in a frontal collision[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2010, 42(4): 1398-1407. |
10 | JOSEPH J, DOYLE J R, STEVEN D L. Evaluating the effectiveness of child safety seats and seat belts in protecting children from injury[J]. Economic Inquiry, 2010, 48(3): 521-536. |
11 | LI Z G, GE H, ZHANG J H, et al. The necessity of evaluating child neck injury in frontal collision of school bus for transportation safety[J]. Safety Science, 2014, 62: 441-449. |
12 | 葛如海, 蓝善斌, 陈晓东, 等. 安全气囊对离位乘员损伤影响的仿真研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2007, 29(9): 766-770. |
GE R H, LAN S B, CHEN X D, et al. A simulation study on the effect of airbag on the injury of out⁃of⁃position occupant[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2007, 29(9): 766-770. | |
13 | SIOBHAN O, CORINNA V D H, MATTHEW B, et al. Injuries, death and vehicle airbag deployment[J]. Medicine, Science and the Law, 2020 (60): 147-149. |
14 | 葛如海, 应龙, 陈珣. 校车用主动式儿童安全气囊装置及其控制方法:CN103786681A [P]. 2014-05-14. |
GE R H, YING L, CHEN X. Active child airbag device for school bus and its control methods :CN103786681A [P].2014-05-14. | |
15 | 葛如海, 赵越, 应龙. 校车主动式安全气囊控制参数分析[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(3): 666-673. |
GE R H, ZHAO Y, YING L. Analysis of the new airbag control parameters for children in school bus[J]. Journal of Guangxi University (Nat Sci Ed), 2016, 41(3): 666-673. | |
16 | 葛如海, 崔义忠, 洪亮, 等. 针对12岁儿童的主动式安全气囊的优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(6): 67-73. |
GE R H, CUI Y Z, HONG L, et al. Optimization of active safety for 12⁃year⁃old children[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(6): 67-73. | |
17 | 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 中国未成年人人体尺寸: [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2010. |
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Human dimensions of Chinese minors: [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2010. | |
18 | XIAO Z, WANG L, MO F H, et al. Optimal design of pre⁃triggering airbag system for occupant protection performance during frontal crashes[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2019, 233(11): 2850–2862. |
19 | 洪亮, 葛如海. 轿车碰撞中新型前排安全座椅对后排乘员保护效果的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2016, 38(10): 1206-1212. |
HONG L, GE R H. A research on the protection effects of new front safety seat for rear⁃row occupant in car collision[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2016, 38(10): 1206-1212. | |
20 | GU X G, LIU J W, WANG H Z. Reliability⁃based design optimization for vehicle occupant protection system based on ensemble of metamodels[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2015, 51: 533–546. |
21 | 张苏秀. 多工况下副驾驶员侧乘员的碰撞安全性研究[D]. 镇江:江苏大学, 2017. |
ZHANG S X. Research on the safety of the co⁃driver side under multiple crash cases[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2017. | |
22 | SUDHAGAR S, SAKTHIVEL M, MATHEW P J, et al. A multi criteria decision making approach for process improvement in friction stir welding of aluminium alloy[J]. Measurement, 2017, 108: 1-8. |
23 | YAN W, ZHANG H, JIANG Z G, et al. Multi-objective optimization of arc welding parameters: the trade⁃offs between energy and thermal efficiency[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 140(pt.3): 1842-1849. |
[1] | 熊萌,张栋,尤国建,孙添飞,盛凯,魏学哲. 电动汽车无线充电高效高利用率磁芯的多目标优化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(9): 1740-1752. |
[2] | 邹渊,孙文景,张旭东,温雅,曹万科,张兆龙. 面向时间敏感网络的车载以太网网络架构多目标优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(5): 746-758. |
[3] | 段志勇,马菁. 锂电池热管-液冷板式冷却结构多目标优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(11): 2047-2057. |
[4] | 李捷,吴晓东,许敏,刘永刚. 基于强化学习的城市场景多目标生态驾驶策略[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(10): 1791-1802. |
[5] | 周兴凯,窦祖芳,杨喜娟,杨乔礼. 基于IEEE 802.11p的自适应主次窗口退避机制及验证[J]. 汽车工程, 2022, 44(12): 1856-1865. |
[6] | 刘细平,伏结盛,杜隆鑫,郭高胜,朱文健. 电动汽车用双层永磁体IPMSM解析与优化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(8): 1128-1135. |
[7] | 鲁若宇,胡杰,陈瑞楠,徐文才,曹恺. 基于DMPC的智能汽车协同式自适应巡航控制[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(8): 1177-1186. |
[8] | 蔡英凤,吕志军,孙晓强,王海,刘擎超,陈龙,袁朝春. 基于并线行为识别的自适应巡航控制方法[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(7): 1077-1087. |
[9] | 解少博,罗慧冉,张乾坤,张康康. 智能网联混合动力车辆速度规划的多目标协同控制研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(7): 953-961. |
[10] | 张韦,解礼兵,陈朝辉,周马益,陈永,范吉文,陶丽. 进气道螺旋段关键结构参数多目标优化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(3): 337-344. |
[11] | 张志飞,胡桐铜,范维春,王长金,黄瑞文. 基于拉拽安全性能的汽车座椅优化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(2): 218-225. |
[12] | 陈静,徐森,刘震,唐傲天,吕伟. 基于碰撞安全性的铝合金吸能盒轻量优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(2): 241-247. |
[13] | 王普毅,白影春,林程,武振江,王保华. 基于EGO加点策略的动力电池包多目标优化[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(10): 1457-1465. |
[14] | 唐中华,贺岩松,马涛,张志飞,蒲弘杰,李云,陈钊. 汽车声学包轻量化设计[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(1): 113-120. |
[15] | 葛如海, 崔义忠, 洪亮, 肖轩. 基于NSGA-Ⅱ的主动式安全气囊参数优化*[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(9): 1216-1223. |
|