面向“离位”儿童乘员的常开式安全气囊优化设计

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Children often present a variety of “Out of Position” sitting positions when taking school buses. It is necessary to carry out the optimal design of the normally-open airbag for the condition of various child sitting positions. Firstly， the injury thresholds of the 12-year-old children are determined. The simulation model of the school bus is built and verified； and the coupling model of the school bus and the normally-open airbag is established. Then， the slouchy sitting position and the right-leaning sitting position are selected as the typical “Out-of-Position” sitting positions of the 12-year-old child occupant. Finally， for the normal sitting position， the slouchy sitting position and the right-leaning sitting position， taking the weighted injury criterion as the optimization target， based on the response surface proxy model and the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm， the optimal configuration of the normally-open airbag’s main design parameters are weighed and determined， with the opening degree of the snuffle valve 199.73%， the initial pressure of the snuffle valve 1.1628×10⁵ Pa， the height of the installation position 0.3628 m and the middle strap length 0.3152 m. Under the three types of child sitting positions， the normally-open airbag with the optimal configuration can maximally improve the safety of the 12-year-old child occupant.

Key words: “out of position” sitting positions, child occupant, school bus, frontal collision, normally-open airbag, optimal design

Gang Liu,Liang Hong,Ruhai Ge. Optimal Design of Normally-open Airbag for “Out of Position” Child Occupant[J].Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 94-104.

Figures/Tables 23

损伤指标	阈值（第50百分位男性）	比例缩放系数	阈值（12岁儿童）
头部伤害指标HIC₁₅	700	$(λ E) 2 / (λ L, H e a d) 1.5$	779.2
胸部3ms合成加速度T_3ms/g	60	$λ E / λ L, M a s s$	69.6
胸部压缩量THPC/ mm	63	$λ L, D e p t h$	51.5
左大腿力F_L/N	10 000	$λ E λ L, F e m u r 2$	6 820
右大腿力F_R/N	10 000	$λ E λ L, F e m u r 2$	6 820

References 25

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坐姿类别	A	B	C	D	E
NP	96°	93°	103°	153°	0°
OOP₁	91°	108°	115°	156°	0°
OOP₂	96°	93°	103°	153°	10°

坐姿类别	HIC₁₅	T_3ms/g	THPC/mm	F_L/N	F_R/N	WICC
NP	73.57	17.12	14.70	914.95	1 954.70	0.160 2
OOP₁	124.45	22.12	13.03	704.48	1 082.50	0.202 3
OOP₂	80.71	17.56	15.16	923.99	2 033.70	0.168 7

设计参数	参数取值1	参数取值2	参数取值3	初始值	参数取值4	参数取值5	参数取值6
上部拉带长度/m	0.205	0.215	0.225	0.235	0.245	0.255	0.265
中部拉带长度/m	0.26	0.27	0.28	0.29	0.30	0.31	0.32
下部拉带长度/m	0.31	0.32	0.33	0.34	0.35	0.36	0.37
安装点高度/m	0.345	0.360	0.380	0.395	0.400	0.405	0.410
泄气阀开启压力/Pa	1.16×10⁵	1.19×10⁵	1.22×10⁵	1.25×10⁵	1.28×10⁵	1.31×10⁵	1.34×10⁵
泄气阀开度/%	80	87	94	100	133	166	200

序号	NP
序号	x₁/m	x₂/m	x₃/Pa	x₄
1	0.299 3	0.387 6	1.333 8×10⁵	1.131
?	?	?	?	?
30	0.276 6	0.407 8	1.203 4×10⁵	1.172
序号	OOP₁
1	0.297 2	0.349 5	1.296 6×10⁵	1.834
?	?	?	?	?
30	0.280 7	0.398 8	1.178 6×10⁵	1.752
序号	OOP₂
1	0.266 2	0.365 2	1.1724×10⁵	1.255
?	?	?	?	?
30	0.305 5	0.356 2	1.3152×10⁵	1.917

优化因素	初始值	最优值
中部拉带长度（x₁）/m	0.290 0	0.315 2
安装点高度（x₂）/m	0.395 0	0.362 8
泄气阀开启压力（x₃）/Pa	1.250 0×10⁵	1.162 8×10⁵
泄气阀开度（x₄）/%	100	199.73

Optimal Design of Normally-open Airbag for “Out of Position” Child Occupant

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References 25

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工况	HIC₁₅	T_3ms/g	THPC/mm	F_L	F_R	WICC
NP（原工况）	275.79	19.18	7.05	939.84	2 093.70	0.295 7
NP（优化前）	73.57	17.12	14.70	914.95	1 954.70	0.160 2
NP（优化后）	35.70	14.74	12.63	692.37	1 741.50	0.116 4
变化率1	-87.06%	-23.15%	+79.15%	-26.33%	-16.82%	-60.63%
变化率2	-51.47%	-13.90 %	-14.08%	-24.33%	-10.91%	-27.34 %
OOP₁（原工况）	316.53	15.52	6.41	717.40	1 099.20	0.311 2
OOP₁（优化前）	124.45	22.12	13.03	704.48	1 082.50	0.202 3
OOP₁（优化后）	64.79	18.67	11.21	648.63	1 037.20	0.141 1
变化率1	-79.53%	+20.30%	+74.88%	-9.59%	-5.64%	-54.66%
变化率2	-47.94%	-15.60%	-13.97%	-7.93%	-4.18%	-30.25 %
OOP₂（原工况）	281.66	18.01	7.20	970.85	2 023.00	0.297 6
OOP₂（优化前）	80.71	17.56	15.16	923.99	2 033.70	0.168 7
OOP₂（优化后）	39.37	14.95	13.28	676.81	1 820.90	0.122 2
变化率1	-86.02%	-16.99%	+84.44%	-30.29%	-9.99%	-58.94%
变化率2	-51.22%	-14.86%	-12.40%	-26.75%	-10.46%	-27.56%

工况	HIC₁₅	T_3ms/g	THPC/mm	F_L	F_R	WICC
NP（三点式安全带）	59.77	21.62	16.20	878.75	1 940.00	0.165 8
NP（优化后）	35.70	14.74	12.63	692.37	1 741.50	0.116 4
变化率	-40.27%	-31.82%	-22.04%	-21.21%	-10.23%	-29.79%
OOP₁（三点式安全带）	34.98	15.95	10.89	778.05	1 173.20	0.106 1
OOP₁（优化后）	64.79	18.67	11.21	648.63	1 037.20	0.141 1
变化率	+85.22%	+17.05%	+2.94%	-16.63%	-11.59%	+26.89%
OOP₂（三点式安全带）	69.75	22.27	15.85	937.26	1 946.60	0.174 1
OOP₂（优化后）	39.37	14.95	13.28	676.81	1 820.90	0.122 2
变化率	-43.56%	-32.87%	-16.21%	-27.79%	-6.46%	-29.81%

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