车载自组网络下基于量子随机数的高效组密钥分发方案

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the problem of high communication overhead and low security of key distribution in the near-field communication of VANETs， an efficient quantum group key distribution scheme based on quantum random numbers is proposed in this paper. In this scheme， Firstly， the anonymous credentials of the vehicle are jointly generated by quantum random numbers at the vehicle side and the cloud side， and zero-knowledge proof is used to achieve mutual identity recognition between the vehicle and the road side， which protects the privacy of the vehicle. Then， a two-stage group key achieves the update of the group key， i.e. two key parameters at the roadside and the cloud side. The group key reduces the signaling overhead by half and greatly shortens the group key issuance time while ensuring forward and backward security. Finally， the security of the scheme is demonstrated by security analysis and performance analysis.

Key words: VANETs, anonymous authentication, group key, information security

Qin Shi,Liu Shan,Teng Cheng,Qiang Liu,Chuansu Wang,Xing Zhang. Efficient Group Key Distribution Scheme Based on Quantum Random Numbers in VANETs[J].Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(2): 300-309.

Figures/Tables 15

方案

过程

信令开销

Kamil ^［22］

$V e h i c l e → n R A N → 1 S e r v e r → 2 R A N → n + 1 V e h i c l e$

$S e r v e r → 1 V e h i c l e$

2n+5

Shawky^［21］

V e h i c l e → n R S U → 1 B l o c k c h a i n → n V e h i c l e

2n+1

本方案

V e h i c l e → n R A N → 1 S e r v e r → 1 R A N → 1 V e h i c l e

n+3

References 25

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符号	定义
VIN _i	车辆识别码
H（）	单向哈希函数
T_s_i	时间戳
E_key（）	用密钥加密
D_key（）	用密钥解密
ANC _i	匿名身份凭证
｛｝ _i₌₀ⁿ	下标从0开始，依次累加到n
AddReq	宏定义
PFSK_v、PFSK_r	车端、路端预充注量子会话密钥
PFIK_v、PFIK_r	车端、路端预充注完整性验证密钥
PFSK_tagv、PFSK_tagr	车端、路端预充注量子会话密钥标识
PFIK_tagv、PFIK_tagr	车端、路端预充注完整性验证密钥标识

方案	类型	身份验证方法	加密/解密方法
Kamil^［22］	集中式	无证书	ECC
Shawky ^［21］	分布式	匿名认证	ECC
本方案	集中式	匿名认证	量子

类别	定义	时长
T_h	单向哈希	0.245 6
T_hmac	MAC值	2.016
T_sign	ECC私钥签名	23.48
T_veri	ECC公钥验证	72.39
T_mul	ECC标量乘法	405.1
T_add	ECC点加运算	1.406
T_sm	SM4对称密钥加解密	5.100

方案	车	路	服务器或第三方
Kamil ^［22］	5T_h+3T_add+3T_mul	（3T_h+3T_add）n	3T_add+T_h+（4T_h+4T_mul+T_add）n
Shawky ^［21］	2T_sm +T_mul+T_veri+T_sign	（n+1）T_sm +n（T_mul+T_veri）+T_sign	（n+2）T_mul+（n+1）T_sign
本方案	3T_sm +3T_hamc+2T_h	4T_sm+4T_hamc +2T_h	（3n+4）T_sm+（2n+4）T_hamc+ （n+1）T_h

方案	新加入车辆	原来车组车辆	路	云
Kamil ^［22］	5T_h+3T_add+3T_mul	T_h+2T_add	（n+1）（T_h+3T_add）	5T_add +4T_h+4T_mul
Shawky ^［21］	2T_sm +T_mul+T_veri+T_sign	T_sm	2T_sm +T_mul+T_veri	T_mul+T_sign
本方案	3T_sm +3T_hamc+2T_h	T_h	2T_sm+2T_hmac+T_h	4T_sm+4T_h+4T_hmac

Efficient Group Key Distribution Scheme Based on Quantum Random Numbers in VANETs

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References 25

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方案	原来车组车辆	路	云
Kamil ^［22］	T_h+2T_add	n（T_h+3T_add）	（n-1）（4T_add+T_h）
Shawky ^［21］	T_as	2T_sm +T_mul+T_veri	T_mul+T_sign
本方案	T_h	2T_sm+2T_hmac+T_h	（n+1）T_sm+2T_h+2T_hmac

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