基于量子密钥的无人机辅助车辆认证方案

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.08.003

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of vehicle-road-cloud integration， Road Side Units （RSUs） have become increasingly significant in communication within Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks （VANETs）. When RSUs malfunction， unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）， leveraging their rapid deployment and flexibility， can swiftly serve as temporary mobile base stations. Given the open and dynamically changing network structure for communication between UAVs and vehicles， achieving secure communication and lightweight authentication is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. Therefore， in this paper a hybrid encryption method based on quantum symmetric keys and Physical Unclonable Functions （PUFs） is proposed to ensure the security of information transmission and enable tracing of malicious UAVs or vehicle identities. Performance analysis shows that， compared to other lightweight authentication schemes， the proposed solution reduces computational overhead by approximately 5.82%-63.28% for vehicles and by around 43.98%-65.98% for UAVs.

Key words: quantum key, VANET, identity authentication, PUF

Teng Cheng,Ziang Cao,Xianli Xie,Xinyu Hong,Ze Yang,Qin Shi. Quantum Key-Based UAV-Assisted Vehicle Authentication Scheme[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(8): 1459-1467.

Figures/Tables 14

References 24

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符号	定义
ID/ID_a	无人机/车辆唯一标识
PWD/PWD_a	无人机/车辆启动密码
PID_d /PID_a	无人机/车辆的匿名身份
H（）	单向哈希函数
⊕	异或操作
Mac	消息验证码
T_i /T_i ’	时间戳
｛Chai， u｝ _u=_1，2，_..._，_n	挑战值
PUF（）	生成对应的响应值
QSK	预充注量子密钥
QSK_tag	预充注量子密钥标识
σ_a /σ_d	身份认证凭证
key_V /key_D-V	部分会话密钥/会话密钥

符号	定义
Secret	机密性
Alive	活性
Weakagree	弱一致性
Nisynch	非同步性
Niagree	非否认性
Da/Dd	身份认证凭证
H（XOR（keyV， H（Da））， PIDa， XOR（（Da1， H（Da））， H2Rik））	车端发送消息｛（σ_a₁， H（σ_a ））⊕ H（R_i，k ）， key_V ⊕H（σ_a ）， PID_a ｝
H（XOR（（Dd1，H（Dd））， H2Rik）， PIDd）	无人机端发送消息｛（σ_d₁， H（σ_d ））⊕ H（R_i，k ）， PID_d ｝
H（XOR（H（Da， Dd）， keyDV）， H（keyDV））	无人机端发送消息｛H（key_D-V ）， key_D-V ⊕H（σ_a，σ_d ）｝
keyDV	会话密钥

参数	取值
T_h	0.132 726
T_mac	1.082 32
T_sm4	3.779 13
T_s	338.118
T_Everi	55.257 2
T_Esign	18.592 9
T_p	1.268 93

方案	车辆计算开销	无人机计算开销
Chaudhry等	3T_sm4+3T_h ≈ 11.7356	N（2T_sm4+T_h） ≈ 7.6910N
Hussain等	T_s+15T_h ≈ 340.1089	N（2T_sm4+8T_h） ≈ 8.6201N
Mall等	T_sm4+6T_h ≈ 4.5753	N（3T_sm4+10T_h）≈ 12.6647N
Liu 等	2T_s+8T_h ≈ 677.2976	N（T_s+T_h） ≈ 338.2507N
本文方案	8T_h+3T_mac ≈ 4.3088	N（8T_h+3T_mac） ≈ 4.3088N

Quantum Key-Based UAV-Assisted Vehicle Authentication Scheme

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References 24

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[2]	Qin Shi,Kangyuan Lu,Teng Cheng,Chuansu Wang,Xing Zhang,Peiling Xu. Research on Vehicle-Cloud Encryption Communication Architecture Based on Quantum Key [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(6): 936-943.
[3]	Zhang Jiayan, Li Fei, Li Ruxiang, Li Yalin, Song Jiaqi, Zhou Qiyang. Research on Identity Authentication in V2X CommunicationsBased on Elliptic Curve Encryption Algorithm [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(1): 27-32.
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