齿轮传动系统建模与典型界面传递特性研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.09.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着车辆齿轮传动系统向着高速、重载和大功率的方向发展，结构日趋复杂，运行工况多变，极易发生零部件损伤故障，影响系统运行可靠性。建立准确的齿轮传动系统模型，研究系统典型界面传递特性变化规律，是系统故障检测和定位的关键技术基础。本文综合考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙及轴承支承刚度等关键影响因素，建立定轴齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型，结合振动特性试验测试，有效验证齿轮传动动力学建模的准确性；然后针对齿轮啮合界面和轴承界面，构建典型界面力模型，以振动信号传递的衰减系数量化表征传递特性，开展典型界面振动传递的仿真和试验研究，揭示振动信号在齿轮传动系统传递的本质规律，为车辆齿轮传动系统故障检测中传感器测点布置提供有力的理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 齿轮传动, 齿轮啮合界面, 轴承界面, 传递特性, 衰减系数

Abstract:

With the development of vehicle gear transmission system towards high speed， heavy load and high power， the structure is becoming more and more complex， and the operating conditions are variable， easy to cause damage and failure of parts and components， which affects the reliability of the system. Establishing an accurate gear transmission system model and studying the change law of the transfer characteristics of typical interface are the key technical basis for system fault detection and location. This paper comprehensively considers the key influencing factors such as the gear time-varying meshing stiffness， meshing damping， tooth clearance and bearing support stiffness， establishes a nonlinear dynamic model of the fixed shaft gear transmission system， and conducts vibration characteristics tests， effectively verifying the accuracy of gear transmission dynamics model. For the gear-meshing interface and bearing interface， a typical interface force model is constructed， and the transfer characteristics are quantitatively characterized by the attenuation coefficient of vibration signal transfer. The simulation and experimental research on typical interface vibration transfer are carried out to reveal the essential law of vibration signal transfer in the gear transmission system， which provides a powerful theoretical and technical support for the layout of sensor measuring points in the fault detection of vehicle gear transmission system.

Key words: gear transmission, gear meshing interface, bearing interface, transfer characteristics, attenuation coefficient

高普,刘辉,贝文瑾,项昌乐. 齿轮传动系统建模与典型界面传递特性研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(9): 1753-1764.

Pu Gao,Hui Liu,Wenjin Bei,Changle Xiang. Research on Modeling of Gear Transmission System and Transfer Characteristics of Typical Interface[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 1753-1764.

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设备名称	主要功能	技术状态	数量
转速转矩传感器 JN338-3000AG	测量输入输出轴转速和转矩	转矩范围0-3 000 N·m，标准转速2 500 r/min	2套
三向加速度传感器356a16	测量输入输出端轴承座振动加速度	灵敏度100 mV/g，频率范围：X向≤9 kHz，Y向≤8 kHz，Z向≤16 kHz	2个
LMS数据采集系统	连接传感器，采集振动信号	32通道，最大分析带宽：92 kHz@-3 dB	1套
数据处理软件	处理试验数据	LMS Test.Lab 2018	1套

负载	空载			50%负载			80%负载
负载	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度
输入振动加速度/g	0.26	0.24	89.54%	1.83	1.59	84.67%	2.67	2.28	85.39%
输入振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.39	0.38	97.37%	1.07	0.99	91.92%	1.55	1.42	91.61%
输出振动加速度/g	0.25	0.23	91.74%	1.48	1.29	84.82%	2.03	1.72	84.72%
输出振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.46	0.45	97.78%	1.06	0.94	87.23%	1.52	1.31	86.18%

负载	空载			50%负载			80%负载
负载	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度
输入振动加速度/g	0.40	0.37	91.53%	2.57	2.36	91.23%	3.41	3.07	90.02%
输入振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.48	0.46	95.65%	1.41	1.32	93.18%	1.81	1.67	92.26%
输出振动加速度/g	0.32	0.30	90.00%	1.90	1.70	88.41%	2.44	2.13	87.29%
输出振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.55	0.53	96.23%	1.31	1.18	88.98%	1.62	1.43	88.27%

负载	空载			50%负载			80%负载
负载	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度	仿真	试验	精度
输入振动加速度/g	0.52	0.48	92.34%	6.34	6.10	95.95%	10.11	9.72	95.94%
输入振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.62	0.57	91.23%	2.72	2.36	84.75%	4.32	3.76	85.11%
输出振动加速度/g	0.40	0.36	90.03%	5.00	4.76	94.94%	8.18	7.80	95.05%
输出振动速度/（mm·s^-1）	0.41	0.37	89.19%	2.37	2.09	86.60%	3.86	3.41	86.80%