碳陶盘式制动器散热特性台架实验分析与数值仿真研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.11.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

制动器的散热能力与乘用车的行车制动性能关联紧密，其中高性能车型在激烈驾驶过程中对制动器的散热能力有更高的需求。本文针对某型碳陶通风盘式制动器总成开展台架实验，并通过对制动盘降温工况中冷却系数的计算，提出了一种表示对流及辐射综合换热的通用拟合关系式，对定量描述制动器的散热性能具有重要参考价值。随后，对该制动器模型进行计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）仿真，探讨了不同变量对该型制动器散热特性的影响，揭示了防尘罩对制动器散热的影响机制。结果表明：对于制动盘初始表面平均温度500 ℃且无防尘罩遮挡的降温工况，对流换热占总换热量的75%以上，其中制动盘外表面的对流换热起主导作用；此外，当制动盘受防尘罩遮挡时，贴近防尘罩一侧制动盘表面空气温度升高以及制动盘通风道内质量流率的下降使其散热能力显著降低。本文分析结果对制动器散热导流通道的优化设计具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 碳陶盘式制动器, 通风制动盘, 冷却系数, 散热特性, 实验分析

Abstract:

The heat dissipation capacity of the brake is closely related to the service braking performance of the passenger vehicles， in which the high-performance car has a higher demand for the heat dissipation capacity of the brake in the process of drastic driving. In this paper， a bench test is carried out for a certain carbon ceramic ventilated disc brake assembly. And a general fitting relation is proposed to represent the comprehensive heat transfer of convection and radiation through the calculation of the cooling coefficient of the brake disc in the cooling-down condition， which has important reference value for the quantitative description of the heat dissipation performance of the brake. Subsequently， the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation is conducted in this paper， which discusses the influence of different variables on the heat dissipation characteristics of the brake， and reveals the mechanism of the influence of the dust shield on the heat dissipation of the brake. The results show that the convection heat transfer accounts for more than 75% of the total heat transfer in the cooling-down condition of the brake disk at the mean temperature of 500 ℃ without dust shield， and the convection heat transfer on the outer surface of the brake disc plays a leading role. In addition， when the brake disc is covered by the dust shield， the cooling capacity of the brake decreases significantly due to the increase of the air temperature around the brake disc surface close to the dust shield and the decrease of the mass flow rate in the ventilation channel inside the brake disc. The analysis results of this paper have important guiding significance for the optimization design of the brake cooling duct.

Key words: carbon-ceramic disc brake, ventilation brake disc, cooling coefficient, heat dissipation characteristic, experimental analysis

张荣荣,孙思睿,樊杰,刘苏俊,杨勤超,张风利. 碳陶盘式制动器散热特性台架实验分析与数值仿真研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(11): 2165-2174.

Rongrong Zhang,Sirui Sun,Jie Fan,Sujun Liu,Qinchao Yang,Fengli Zhang. Experimental Analysis and Numerical Simulation Study of Heat Dissipation Characteristic of Carbon-Ceramic Disc Brake[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(11): 2165-2174.

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