汽车工程

汽车工程

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汽车底部复杂流场的主动和被动控制 减阻方法研究

袁志群1,2,3，杨明智2，张炳荣1,3   

  1. 1厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院, 厦门, 361024; 2中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室, 长沙, 410075; 3福建省客车及特种车辆研发协同创新中心, 厦门, 361024
  • 出版日期:2019-03-04 发布日期:2019-03-04
  • 基金资助:
     

Analysis of aerodynamic drag reduction on complex flow-field around car underbody by using active and passive control method

    

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  • Online:2019-03-04 Published:2019-03-04
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摘要： 针对汽车底部复杂流场结构存在的问题及其对汽车燃油经济性的影响，以降低气动阻力为目标，采用计算流体动力学方法研究了侧风工况下汽车底部复杂流场的主动和被动控制减阻方法，设计了阻流板、侧裙、底部抽吸控制槽和尾部喷射控制槽四种减阻方案，讨论了各方案对气动阻力的影响规律及减阻机理。研究结果表明，减阻效果与横摆角大小、阻流板高度、侧裙高度、底部控制槽抽吸速度、尾部控制槽喷射速度与水平喷射角度有关，四种减阻方案的气动阻力最大降幅分别为9.4%、10.4%、13.5%、4.7%。在实际使用过程中，宜根据汽车运行环境采用动态控制方法，以达到最优减阻效果。汽车模型风洞实验验证了本文数值计算方法的准确性，研究结果可为汽车设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 气动阻力, 阻流板, 侧裙, 底部抽吸控制槽, 尾部喷射控制槽, 动态控制方法

Abstract: To investigate the aerodynamic behavior of complex flow-field around car underbody, the active and passive control methods for aerodynamic drag reduction have been developed by using computational fluid dynamics method in crosswind conditions. Four kinds of aerodynamic drag reduction schemes are designed, which are spoiler, side-skirts, suction control slot and jet flow control slot, and the influence rules of each scheme on aerodynamic drag and the mechanism of drag reduction are discussed. It can be found that the aerodynamic drag reduction is related to yaw angle, height of spoiler, height of side-skirts, suction speed, injection speed and horizontal injection angle, and the maximum reduction of aerodynamic drag of the four schemes are 9.4%, 10.4%, 13.5% and 4.7% respectively. Dynamic control method should be adopted according to the vehicle running environment to achieve the optimal drag reduction effect. The numerical method is validated by scale model wind tunnel. The results of the current study can be served as a suggestion for vehicle design.

Key words: Aerodynamic drag, Spoiler, Side-skirts, Suction control slot, Jet flow control slot, Dynamic control method

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