基于有限元模型的轮胎胎体变形研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.03.017

Abstract

Abstract:

The accurate acquisition of tire body deformation has a crucial influence on the simulation accuracy of theoretical model， so the deformation rules and expression accuracy of different cord are studied by beam body model and finite element model. Firstly， a detailed theoretical model considering the flexible deformation characteristics of the beam carcass is established， and the expressions of tire cornering stiffness and driving/braking stiffness are obtained. Secondly， the tire finite element model is established， and the tire rubber and cord material parameters are accurately obtained to complete the comparison between the simulation results and the test data. On this basis， the finite element model of smooth tire with isotropic tread stiffness distribution is established， and the lateral stiffness， torsional stiffness and steady-state glide stiffness are simulated to obtain the lateral deformation of the tire under the action of lateral force and aligning moment， and the superposition principle of lateral deformation of different cord lines is verified. Then， the lateral deformation of different cord lines is fitted according to the established beam matrix model. Finally， the tread stiffness obtained by different cord lines is compared and verified by combining the flexural stiffness and slip stiffness models. The results show that the principle of deformation superposition is satisfied for different tire cord. The beam matrix model has a better expression precision for the lateral deformation of cord. The bending stiffness of cord shows a nonlinear decreasing trend with the increase of load， and the difference is small under large load. The calculation accuracy of tread stiffness obtained by different cord positions is different. The calculation accuracy of crown cord is the lowest at 93.6%， and the calculation accuracy of body 2 cord is the highest at 97.3%. The research position of the beam body model in the theoretical model is clarified in the study， improving the simulation accuracy of the theoretical model， and providing the reference for the study of tire dynamics.

Key words: tire dynamics, finite element model, beam carcass model, lateral deformation of carcass, tread distribution stiffness

Wenhao Yang,Dang Lu,Lei Lu,Hengfeng Yin,Xiaofan Wang. Research on Tire Carcass Deformation Based on Finite Element Model[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(3): 551-564.

Figures/Tables 30

References 34

1	郭孔辉. UniTire统一轮胎模型［J］. 机械工程学报， 2016， 52（12）： 90-99.
	GUO K H. UniTire： unified tire model［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering， 2016， 52（12）： 90-99.
2	曹金凤，黄伟，张春生，等. 花纹结构对载重轮胎噪声辐射的影响规律研究［J］. 汽车工程， 2020， 42（7）： 956-964.
	CAO J F， HUANG W， ZHANG C S， et al. Study on the influence of tread pattern on noise radiation of truck tire［J］. Automotive Engineering， 2020， 42（7）： 956-964.
3	郭孔辉，黄世庆，吴海东. 适用于高频激励的面内轮胎动态模型［J］. 吉林大学学报（工学版）， 2020， 50（1）： 19-28.
	GUO K H， HUANG S Q， WU H D. In-plane dynamic tire model for high-frequency excitation［J］. Journal of Jilin University（Engineering and Technology Edition）， 2020， 50（1）： 19-28.
4	LU D， LU L， LI L， et al. Research and modeling of tire cornering characteristics considering tread wear based on UniTire model［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part D： Journal of Automobile Engineering， 2022， 236（6）： 1155-1169.
5	刘从臻，陈高，刘洪柱，等. 湿滑路面轮胎接地力学UA模型［J］. 吉林大学学报（工学版）， 2024， 54（6）： 1501-1511.
	LIU C Z， CHEN G， LIU H Z， et al. Tire grounding mechanical UA model on wet roads［J］. Journal of Jilin University（Engineering and Technology Edition）， 2024， 54（6）： 1501-1511.
6	TOYOSHIMA T， MATSUZAWA T. Study of physical characteristic tire model about cornering stiffness （proposal of new tire model suitable for specification consideration）［J］. Transactions of the JSME， 2019， 85（880）： 19-00284.
7	TOYOSHIMA T， MATSUZAWA T， HOTAKA T， et al. Research on tread modeling of physical characteristics tire model （verification of theoretical validity of TM tire model）［J］. Transactions of the JSME， 2021， 87（898）： 21-00003.
8	SUN L H， LU D. Study on the mechanism of belt cord angle contribution to tire cornering power［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part D： Journal of Automobile Engineering， 2024： 09544070241229116.
9	SARKISOV P. Physical understanding of tire transient handling behavior［M］. Cuvillier Verlag， 2019.
10	SARKISOV P， PROKOP G， KUBENZ J， et al. Physical understanding of transient generation of tire lateral force and aligning torque［J］. Tire Science and Technology， 2019， 47（4）： 308-333.
11	XU N， GUO K H， ZHANG X J， et al. An analytical tire model with flexible carcass for combined slips［J］. Mathematical Problems in Engineering， 2014， 2014（1）： 397538.
12	ROMANO L， FREDRIK B， BENGT J. Transient tyre models with a flexible carcass ［J］. Vehicle System Dynamics， 2024， 62（5）： 1268-1307.
13	STOCCO D， BIRAL F， BERTOLAZZI E. A physical tire model for real-time simulations［J］. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation， 2024， 223： 654-676.
14	孙丽红. 用于虚拟匹配的轮胎稳态侧偏模型研究［D］. 长春：吉林大学， 2023.
	SUN L H. Study on tire steady-state side-slip model for virtual matching［D］. Changchun： Jilin University， 2023.
15	PACEJKA H. Tire and vehicle dynamics［M］. Elsevier， 2005.
16	GUO K H， XU N， LU D， et al. A model for combined tire cornering and braking forces with anisotropic tread and carcass stiffness［J］. SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles， 2011， 4（2011-01-2169）： 84-95.
17	LIU Q J， LU D， MA Y， et al. A novel numerical method for theoretical tire model simulation［J］. Machines， 2022， 10（9）： 801.
18	卢荡，杨文豪，吴海东，等. 轮胎力学特性仿真高精度有限元建模方法研究［J］. 汽车工程， 2022， 44（10）： 1556-1562，1590.
	LU D， YANG W H， WU H D， et al. Research on high-accuracy finite element modeling method for tire mechanics characteristics simulation［J］. Automotive Engineering， 2022， 44（10）： 1556-1562，1590.
19	刘莉，陶亮，孙小明，等. 基于ABAQUS的测力车轮有限元建模与试验［J］. 农业机械学报， 2020， 51（5）： 387-394.
	LIU L， TAO L， SUN X M， et al. Finite element modeling and testing for force-measuring wheel based on ABAUQS［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery， 2020， 51（5）： 387-394.
20	EI-SAYEGH Z， SHARIFI M， GHESHLAGHI F， et al. Development of an HLFS agricultural tire model using FEA technique［J］. SN Applied Sciences， 2019， 1（11）： 1454.
21	HERNANDEZ J A， AL-QADI I L. Semicoupled modeling of interaction between deformable tires and pavements［J］. Journal of Transportation Engineering， Part A： Systems， 2017， 143（4）： 04016015.
22	徐卫潘，曾海洋，蒋超，等. 越野车轮胎卵石路面牵引性能有限元与离散元耦合仿真及试验验证［J］. 兵工学报， 2019， 40（9）： 1961-1968.
	XU W P， ZENG H Y， JIANG C， et al. Simulation of tractive performance of off-road tire on gravel road by combined finite element-discrete element method and experimental validation［J］. Acta Armamentarii， 2019， 40（9）： 1961-1968.
23	LU D， YANG W H， WU H D， et al. Research on simplified tire finite element modeling and simulation method［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part D： Journal of Automobile Engineering， 2023： 09544070231207528.
24	黄晓明，曹青青，刘修宇，等. 基于路表分形摩擦理论的整车雨天制动性能模拟［J］. 吉林大学学报（工学版）， 2019， 49（3）： 757-765.
	HUANG X M， CAO Q Q， LIU X Y， et al. Simulation of vehicle braking performance on rainy days based on pavement surface fractal friction theory［J］. Journal of Jilin University（Engineering and Technology Edition）， 2019， 49（3）： 757-765.
25	FAKHR E， SPITAS C. Finite element analysis of studded tyre performance on snow： a study of traction［J］. Vehicle System Dynamics， 2024， 62（6）： 1380-1400.
26	SRIRANGAM S， ANUPAM K， SCARPAS A， et al. Development of a thermomechanical tyre-pavement interaction model［J］. International Journal of Pavement Engineering， 2015， 16（8）： 721-729.
27	贾雪峰，冯启章，刘献栋，等.爆裂轮胎精确建模及其动态特性仿真方法研究［J］.汽车工程，2023，45（5）：854-864，872.
	JIA X F， FENG Q Z， LIU X D， et al. Research on accurate modeling and simulation method of dynamic characteristics for automotive tire blow-out process［J］. Automotive Engineering， 2023， 45（5）： 854-864，872.
28	STOJKOVIC M， MISIC D， PAVLOVIC A， et al. Tyre design and optimization by dedicated CAD tyre model［J］. Tehnički Vjesnik， 2021， 28（5）： 1701-1710.
29	NAKAJIMA Y. Advanced tire mechanics［M］. Springer， 2019.
30	GENT A N， WALTER J D. Pneumatic tire［J］. Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research， 2006.
31	郭孔辉.轮胎侧偏特性的一般理论模型［J］.汽车工程，1990，12（3）：1-12.
	GUO K H. A generalized analysis for tire side-slip characteristics［J］. Automotive Engineering， 1990，12（3）：1-12.
32	徐婷.考虑接地印迹特性的半物理轮胎模型研究［D］.长春：吉林大学， 2018.
	XU T. Research on a semi-physical tire model considering the characteristics of the contact patch［D］. Changchun： Jilin University， 2018.
33	黄岩军. 基于轮胎有限元模型的胎体耦合变形研究［D］.长春：吉林大学， 2012.
	HUANG Y J. Study of tire carcass coupling deformation based on tire finite element model［D］. Changchun： Jilin University， 2012.
34	夏丹华. 轮胎稳态侧偏纵滑力学特性预测研究［D］. 长春：吉林大学， 2023.
	XIA D H. Tire study state characteristics prediction research under cornering and driving/braking conditions［D］. Changchun： Jilin University， 2023.

项目	C10	C20	C30
内衬胶	0.223 128	-0.02	0.007 52
胎面胶	0.636 056	-0.097 3	0.038 5
胎侧胶	0.248 007	-0.014 2	0.003 26
冠带胶	0.528 143	-0.053 5	0.010 8
带束胶	0.593 508	-0.079 365 8	0.020 133 6
胎面底胶	0.355 179	-0.011 4	0.004 01
胎圈护胶	0.485 371	-0.048 2	0.015 2
胎体	0.409 243	-0.046 2	0.009 2

项目	冠带层	带束层	胎体层	钢丝圈
角度/（°）	0	65	90	0
弹性模量/MPa	5 098.8	202 211	4 956	151 098
截面积/mm²	0.220 6	0.141 368	0.454	1.317 1
泊松比	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
间距/mm	0.746	1.111	1	1.052

项目	试验/mm	仿真/mm
AB（接地宽度）	169	168.8
CD（接地长度）	173	175.4

载荷/N	AB/mm	CD/mm
2 000	134.4	63.9
4 000	158.1	103.0
6 000	159.2	136.1
8 000	172.3	170.1

载荷/N	侧向力/N	回正力矩/（N·m）
2 000	611.9	39.9
4 000	631.0	93.5
6 000	618.3	140.9
8 000	599.5	186.9

Research on Tire Carcass Deformation Based on Finite Element Model

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 30

References 34

Related Articles 3

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

载荷/N	侧向力/N	冠带侧向变形/ mm	带束2 侧向变形/ mm	带束1 侧向变形/ mm	胎体2 侧向变形/ mm	胎体1 侧向变形/ mm	平均侧向变形/ mm
2 000	611.9	4.37	4.33	4.28	4.25	4.24	4.30
4 000	631.0	4.62	4.59	4.56	4.54	4.52	4.57
6 000	618.3	4.73	4.71	4.69	4.67	4.66	4.69
8 000	599.5	4.80	4.78	4.76	4.75	4.73	4.76

载荷/N	回正力矩/ （N·m）	冠带扭转角/（°）	带束2 扭转角/（°）	带束1 扭转角/（°）	胎体2 扭转角/（°）	胎体1 扭转角/（°）	平均扭转角/（°）
2 000	39.9	0.27	0.23	0.19	0.17	0.17	0.21
4 000	93.5	0.49	0.47	0.44	0.43	0.42	0.45
6 000	140.9	0.71	0.68	0.66	0.64	0.63	0.67
8 000	186.9	0.87	0.85	0.84	0.83	0.82	0.84

位置	k_y	λ
冠带	-0.174 5	-0.002 58
带束2	-0.174 2	-0.002 53
带束1	-0.175 0	-0.002 56
胎体2	-0.174 1	-0.002 56
胎体1	-0.174 0	-0.002 51

[1]	Zhihao Liu,Yixun Liu,Qinhe Gao,Xiuyu Liu. Analysis and Validation on the Asymmetry of Ground Contact Angle and Contact Print of Rolling Heavy-duty Tire Based on Boundary Analysis [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 73-81.
[2]	Hequan Wu,Jiafei Zhang,Qifan Ren,Lin Hu. Research on the Response of the Elderly Driver’s Lower Limb Model in Frontal Collisions at Different Angles [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(5): 739-745.
[3]	Shihai Cui,Weisheng Ma,Haiyan Li,Lijuan He,Lü Wenle. Finite Element Analysis on Head Injury of Child Occupants in City Bus [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(3): 414-420.