多工况下质子交换膜燃料电池物理场分布均匀性与运行状态研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.11.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFCs） face challenges of non-uniform physical field distribution under complex operating conditions， which can result in local “water flooding，” “hot spots，” and “gas starvation” during long - term operation， severely undermining system performance and durability. To deeply reveal the evolution characteristics of the internal physical field under multiple operating conditions and its compact on the battery operation status， in this study a full - scale three - dimensional multi - physics field coupling simulation model is constructed to systematically examine the influence of three key parameters of inlet air stoichiometric ratio， operating temperature， and inlet air humidity on liquid water content， oxygen concentration， current density， and temperature distribution within PEMFCs. Furthermore， an operational state index Hi is proposed to quantitatively evaluate PEMFC operating health by integrating physical field distribution characteristics. The results show that all three parameters significantly impact the distribution uniformity and overall levels of physical fields. High - temperature， high - humidity， and extreme stoichiometric ratio conditions are more likely to disrupt local distribution uniformity， triggering non - healthy states. This research provides crucial theoretical and simulation - based support for PEMFC operation optimization and life management.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, distribution uniformity, unhealthy operating state, durability

Pengyu Qiao,Siyuan Wu,Zhiming Bao,Daokuan Jiao,Xueliang Liu,Kaige Zhu,Haoran Du,Weirui Luo,Qing Du,Kui Jiao. Study on the Uniformity of Physical Field Distribution and Operation State of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Multiple Operating Conditions[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(11): 2126-2140.

Figures/Tables 19

	膜态水		温度		氧气浓度
	方差	$H i$ / 10^-3	方差	$H i$ / 10^-6	方差	$H i$ / 10^-1
计量比2.5	0.75	2.86	0.55	4.31	1.67	2.3
计量比1.5	1.33	5.06	1.75	13.66	1.62	0.86
湿度100%	0.14	0.56	0.64	5.01	1.65	1.48
湿度50%	1.82	6.53	0.71	5.52	2.05	2.46
温度90 ℃	0.09	0.37	0.74	5.77	1.54	1.29
温度70 ℃	1.83	6.57	0.68	5.28	1.99	2.39
标准工况	0.91	3.46	0.78	6.07	1.78	1.85

References 12

[1]	WANG Y， DIAZ D F R， CHEN K S， et al. Materials， technological status， and fundamentals of PEM fuel cells–a review［J］. Materials Today， 2020， 32： 178-203.
[2]	SINGH M， ZAPPA D， COMINI E. Solid oxide fuel cell： decade of progress， future perspectives and challenges［J］. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy， 2021， 46（54）： 27643-27674.
[3]	CHEN D， PEI P， LI Y， et al. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack consistency： evaluation methods， influencing factors， membrane electrode assembly parameters and improvement measures［J］. Energy Conversion and Management， 2022， 261： 115651.
[4]	CHEN D， PEI P， MENG Y， et al. Novel extraction method of working condition spectrum for the lifetime prediction and energy management strategy evaluation of automotive fuel cells［J］. Energy， 2022， 255： 124523.
[5]	JIAO K， XUAN J， DU Q， et al. Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells［J］. Nature， 2021， 595（7867）： 361-369.
[6]	KREUER K D， PADDISON S J， SPOHR E， et al. Transport in proton conductors for fuel-cell applications： simulations， elementary reactions， and phenomenology［J］. Chemical Reviews， 2004， 104（10）： 4637-4678.
[7]	ZHOU S， WANG K， ZHOU S， et al. Features selection and substitution in PEM fuel cell water management failures diagnosis［J］. Fuel Cells， 2021， 21（6）： 512-522.
[8]	LI T， LIU H， WANG H， et al. Multiobjective optimal predictive energy management for fuel cell/battery hybrid construction vehicles［J］. IEEE Access， 2020， 8： 25927-25937.
[9]	ZHAO J， LI X. A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability for vehicular applications： degradation modes and experimental techniques［J］. Energy Conversion and Management， 2019， 199： 112022.
[10]	TENG T， ZHANG X， YUE M， et al. Research of proton exchange membrane fuel cell degradation index and prediction method for automotive vehicles［J］. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments， 2024， 65： 103789.
[11]	WEI P， CHANG G， FAN R， et al. Investigation of output performance and temperature distribution uniformity of PEMFC based on Pt loading gradient design［J］. Applied Energy， 2023， 352： 121962.
[12]	MIAO T， TONGSH C， WANG J， et al. Current density and temperature distribution measurement and homogeneity analysis for a large-area proton exchange membrane fuel cell［J］. Energy， 2022， 239： 121922.

参数	数值
阳极、阴极表压力/atm	1.69，1.49
冷却水入口温度/℃	80
冷却水温升/℃	14
极板厚度/mm	0.3
CHANNEL高度、宽度/mm	0.4， 1.0
脊宽/mm	0.85
GDL厚度/mm	0.16
阳极、阴极进口面积A_in/cm²	0.1，0.16
电化学活性面积A_act/cm²	300
流道根数	64
GDL、MPL孔隙率	0.78， 0.5
GDL、MPL、CL、MEM固有渗透率/m²	2e-12， 1e-12，1e-13， 2e-20，
MEM当量质量/（kg·mol^-1）	1
阳极、阴极CL厚度/mm	3e-3，7.5e-3
阳极、阴极CL铂载量/（mg·cm^-2）	0.05，0.25
阳极、阴极CL铂碳比	0.25，0.45
阳极、阴极CL离聚物-碳比	0.6，0.8
碳颗粒半径/nm	25
铂、碳密度/（kg·m^-3）	21 450， 2 000
GDL、CL电导率/（S·m^-1）	10 000（GDL_in plane）、 1 200（GDL_through plane）， 5 000（CL）
热传递系数/（W·m^-1·K^-1）	3 000
通用气体常数R/（J·mol^-1·K^-1）	8.314
法拉第常数F/（C·mol^-1）	96 487

工况参数	化学计量比	运行温度	进气湿度
阴极进气计量比	1.5，2.0，2.5	2.0	2.0
阳极进气计量比	1.5	1.5	1.5
运行温度/℃	80	70，80，90	80
阴阳极进气湿度/%	75	75	50，75，100

Study on the Uniformity of Physical Field Distribution and Operation State of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Multiple Operating Conditions

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 19

References 12

Related Articles 11

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	Lihui Zhao,Xiaoyu Xu,Shuo Weng,Dongjian Liu,Dongdong Zhang. Research on Vehicle Structural Durability Based on User Data and the Correlation Between “Proving Ground and User” [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(8): 1634-1645.
[2]	Jixuan Lu,Weibo Zheng,Xiang Li,Qianqian Wang,Bing Li,Pingwen Ming. Overview of Research Progress on Hydrogen Permeation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Mitigation Measures [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(7): 1238-1257.
[3]	Wen Chang,Genghua Shao,Fenggang Guo,Jinggui Zhang,Yonghao Wu,Hongjian Zhao,Yin Liu,Jian Zhang,Dongsheng Yao. Study on Fuel Cell Lifetime Degradation Under Real-World Driving Conditions [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(7): 1296-1304.
[4]	Guangwei Li,Xue Han,Danmin Xing,Pingwen Ming. Research on Effect of Catalyst Layer/Microporous Layer Interface Design on the PEMFC [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(1): 77-84.
[5]	Zhe Liu,Hui Li,Dawei Gao,Yunkai Gao. Analysis and Verification of Fatigue Performance of Vehicle Closures [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(8): 1529-1536.
[6]	Xinjie Yuan,Fang Liu,Zhongjun Hou. Self-adaptive Porous Structure Detection of the Catalyst Layer in PEMFCs Based on GA-PSO-Otsu Algorithm [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(9): 1702-1709.
[7]	Chuan Fang,Dian Yuan,Yangbin Shao,Liangfei Xu,Feiqiang Li,Zunyan Hu,Jianqiu Li,Bao Zhou,Wei Dai. Technical Breakthrough of New Generation Fuel Cell System for Winter Olympics Application Environment [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 535-544.
[8]	Yaxiong Wang,Keke Wang,Shunbin Zhong,Hongwen He,Xuechao Wang. Research Progress on Durability Enhancement-oriented Electric Control Technology of Automotive Fuel Cell System [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 545-559.
[9]	Mu Wenlong, Na Jingxin, Qin Guofeng, Tan Wei, Gao Yuan, Shen Hao. Study on Durability of Adhesively Bonded CFRP-Aluminum Alloy Joints Exposed to Extreme Temperatures [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(7): 985-992.
[10]	Pan Jinchong, Hua Lun, Zhang Wenbin, Lin Yansong, Zhang Yunlong. An Experimental Study on the Impact of Lubricant Ash onGasoline Particle Filter Performance of GDI Vehicle [J]. Automotive Engineering, 2019, 41(5): 487-492.
[11]	Tang Chunqiu, Yin Kaifeng, Mo Yimin, Wang Jun, Lei Zhidan & Li Jialong. A Study on the Effects of Low Viscosity Lubricating Oils on the Fuel Economy and Durability of Gasoline Engines [J]. , 2018, 40(6): 632-.