Abstract:

Global climate change and energy crisis have prompted countries to accelerate their transition to low-carbon transportation， with long-distance heavy truck transportation becoming a key area due to high-energy consumption and carbon emission. At present， many practices have been carried out in China for zero emission transformation of long-distance freight transportation. Through preliminary verification， hydrogen powered heavy-duty trucks are regarded as the core path for zero carbon transformation of long-distance freight transportation due to their high energy density and zero emission characteristics. However， existing technologies face bottlenecks such as insufficient endurance， insufficient cross regional energy coordination， and poor system economy， which limit the economy and stability of hydrogen transportation systems. In this study a "hybrid energy" solution is innovatively proposed， which integrates hydrogen fuel cells and electric battery-swapping systems through standardized energy battery pack design， achieving compatibility between hydrogen and electric energy on the same chassis. The integrated battery-swapping solution solves the problems of insufficient flexibility， stability， and compatibility in the early stage of coordinated development of multiple vehicle energy sources. Analysis shows that this solution is expected to increase the single endurance of hydrogen powered heavy-duty trucks to over 800 km and reduce purchase cost by 40% through the "vehicle electric/hydrogen separation" mode. Combined with the construction of comprehensive energy supply stations， the full life-cycle cost of hydrogen energy can be reduced from 40 to below 25 CHY/kg， achieving initial parity with long-distance heavy-duty diesel vehicles throughout the life cycle. The research results provide a highly cost-effective technical solution for long-distance heavy-duty freight scenarios and offer a Chinese solution for the construction of a global zero emission freight system.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, long-distance heavy-duty freight, energy pack replacement, hydrogen fuel cell systems, power battery packs