PEMFC冷启动过程阻抗谱及特征频率分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.02.009

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to optimize the cold start process of PEMFC， it is essential to provide sufficient feedback data. Common impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuits cannot provide sufficient and real-time feedback due to long acquisition period. Therefore， the cold start impedance model is developed in COMSOL， and the change of impedance spectroscopy is analyzed in combination with experiments. The characteristic frequencies of 1kHz， 50Hz and 1Hz are proposed in the high， medium and low frequency ranges respectively to characterize the cold start process of the fuel cell. The results show the above characteristic frequencies vary significantly in the pre-， mid- and post-cold start phases， with the change in impedance at characteristic frequencies of 1 kHz， 50Hz and 1Hz of 0.38， 0.31 and 1.47 respectively. It improves the real-time performance of data acquisition while retaining feature information compared to obtaining the full impedance spectroscopy and fitting the equivalent circuit. Therefore， the impedance at the characteristic frequency points can be used to characterize the cold start process， which provides real-time monitoring for the internal state of the cold start.

Key words: PEMFC, impedance spectroscopy, cold start, analytical impedance model, equivalent circuit model

A’ bang Tao,Jianjian Tao,Xuezhe Wei. Impedance Spectroscopy and Characteristic Frequency Analysis of the PEMFC Cold Start Process[J].Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(2): 269-280.

Figures/Tables 18

参数	方程/数值
氢气的动力黏度 $μ H 2$ /（kg?m^-1?s^-1）	$3.205 × 10 - 3 T / 293.85 1.5 (T + 72) - 1.0$
氧气的动力黏度 $μ o 2$ /（kg?m^-1?s^-1）	$8.46 × 10 - 3 T / 292.25 1.5 (T + 127) - 1.0$
水蒸气的动力黏度 $μ v a p$ /（kg?m^-1?s^-1）	$7.512 × 10 - 3 T / 291.15 1.5 (T + 120) - 1.0$
液态水的动力黏度 $μ l q$ /（kg?m^-1?s^-1）	$2.414 × 10 - 5 × 10 247.8 / (T - 140)$
氢气的扩散率 $D H 2$ /（m²?s^-1）	$1.005 × 10 - 4 T / 333.15 1.5$
氧气的扩散率 $D O 2$ /（m²?s^-1）	$2.652 × 10 - 5 T / 333.15 1.5$
水蒸气的扩散率 $D H 2 O$ /（m²?s^-1）	$2.982 × 10 - 5 T / 333.15 1.5$
气体组分 $i$ 有效扩散率（ $i = H 2, O 2 H 2 O$ ）/（m²?s^-1）	$D i e f f = D i ε j 1.5 (1 - s l q - s i c e) 1.5$
过冷却水和冰的密度 $ρ l q, ?? ρ i c e$ /（kg?m^-3）	$990, ? 920$
过冷却水表面张力系数 $σ l q$ /（N?m^-1）	$- 0.0001676 × T + 0.1218$
表观传递系数 $α$	$0.5$

参数	公式/数值
反应气体 $S H 2 、 S O 2$ /（mol?m^-3?s^-1）	$- M H 2 j / 2 F ??? (I n ? A C L) - M O 2 j / 4 F ??? (? I n ? C C L)$
水蒸气 $S v a p$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$- S v a p - l q - S v a p - i c e + S n f m - v a p M H 2 O ?? (I n ?? C L s) - S v a p - l q - S v a p - i c e ? (I n ?? G D L s)$
过冷水 $S l q$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$S v a p - l q - S l q - i c e + S n f m - l q M H 2 O ?? (I n ? C L s) S v a p - l q - S l q - i c e ? (I n ?? G D L s)$
膜水 $S n f m$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$- S n f m - v a p - S n f m - l q - S E O D ? (I n ? A C L) 0 (I n ? P E M) - S n f m - v a p - S n f m - l q + S E O D + M H 2 O j / 2 F I n ? C C L$
冰 $S i c e$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$S v a p - i c e + S l q - i c e ??? (I n ? C L s, G D L s)$

水的状态	相变传输
水蒸气和液态水 $S v a p - l q$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$γ v a p - l q 1 - s l q - s i c e C v a p - C s a t M H 2 O, ??? C v a p ≥ C s a t γ v a p - l q s l q + s i c e C v a p - C s a t M H 2 O, ??????????? C v a p < C s a t$
水蒸气和冰 $S v a p - i c e$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$γ v a p - i c e 1 - s l q - s i c e C v a p - C s a t M H 2 O, ?? C v a p ≥ C s a t 0, ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? C v a p < C s a t$
液态水和冰 $S l q - i c e$ /（kg?m^-3?s^-1）	$γ l q - i c e ε s l q ρ l q, ?????????? T < T f r e e z e - γ l q - i c e ε s i c e ρ i c e, ????? T ≥ T f r e e z e$
膜态水和水蒸气 $S n f m - v a p$ /（mol?m^-3?s^-1）	$γ n f m - v a p ρ m E W (λ n f m - λ e q u i l) (1 - s l q - s i c e)$
膜态水和过冷水 $S n f m - v a p$ /（mol?m^-3?s^-1）	$γ n f m - l q ρ m E W λ n f m - λ s a t 1 - s l q - s i c e, ???? λ n f m ≥ λ s a t 0, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? λ n f m < λ s a t$

参数	方程/数值
可逆热 $S T, r e v$ /（W?m^-3）	$- ? S T n F ? J i$
活化热 $S T, a c t$ /（W?m^-3）	$η a c t ? J i$
欧姆热 $S T, o h m$ /（W?m^-3）	$? e - 2 σ e - e f f + ? H + 2 σ H + e f f (? i n ? C L) ? e - 2 σ e - e f f (i n ? o t h e r ? d o m a i n s)$
相变潜热 $S T, l a n t$ /（W?m^-3）	$S i - j ? h i - j$
PEM， CL， GDL， BP比热容 $C P$ / （J?kg^-1?K^-1）	$833, ? 3 ? 300, ? 462, ? 1 ? 580$
PEM， CL， GDL， BP固有热导率 $k$ /（W?m^-1?K^-1）	$0.95, ? 1.2, ? 1.5, ? 20$
过冷却水和水蒸气的相变潜热 $h l q - v a p$ /（J?kg^-1）	$2.3 × 10 - 6$
过冷却水和冰的相变潜热 $h l q - i c e$ /（J?kg^-1）	$3.3 × 10 - 5$
膜态水和水蒸气的相变潜热 $h n f m - v a p$ /（J?kg^-1）	$2.3 × 10 - 6$
反应中的熵变量 $? S$ /（J?kmol^-1?K^-1）	$- 163 ? 110$

References 21

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参数	数值
BP， GDL， CL，膜厚度/μm	1 050， 215， 10， 18
反应面积/cm²	25
质子交换膜等效摩尔质量/（kg?mol^-1）	0.976
CL中电解质体积分数	0.2
GDL， CL接触角/（°）	120， 100
GDL， CL孔隙率	0.75， 0.4
BP， GDL， CL电导率/（S?m^-1）	20 000， 300， 300
质子交换膜密度/（kg?m^-3）	2 010

参数	数值
启动温度/℃	-20
膜初始湿度λ	3
启动电流密度/（mA?cm^-2）	10
激励电流密度/（mA?cm^-2）	1
频率范围/ Hz	0.5~10⁴

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Impedance Spectroscopy and Characteristic Frequency Analysis of the PEMFC Cold Start Process

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Figures/Tables 18

References 21

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