基于单片阻抗一致性吹扫的燃料电池低温冷启动策略研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.02.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The weak cold-start capability of fuel cells with graphite plates for vehicles is an important bottleneck that affects the large-scale promotion of fuel cell vehicles in the cold regions of northern China. Starvation self-heating is a common cold-start strategy whose basic principle is to increase overpotential by reducing the supply rate of reactants， and generate a large amount of heat inside the cell in a short period of time to achieve rapid heating. This approach is simple， but it requires a high degree of consistency in the initial water content of the stack monomers and is prone to single-chip reverse polarity and excess hydrogen concentration emission， which can affect the safety and durability of the fuel cell. To solve the above problems， the research group has developed a multi-channel AC impedance measurement device， proposed an optimized purging strategy for single cell impedance consistency， and established a constant voltage and variable air flow control method for cold-start of fuel cells， to achieve multi-objective and multi-parameter coupled coordinated control that provides high heat production， high safety， and high dynamics for voltage， current， and inlet/outlet air flow in the low-temperature start transient process. The bench test results show that the maximum impedance deviation of fuel cells is decreased from 0.7 to less than 0.2 mΩ， and the fuel cell engine system can achieve a fast start at -40 ℃ within 124 s， with good repeatability. The relevant technology is applied in the fuel cell demonstration at the 2022 Winter Olympics， with its effectiveness verified.

Key words: fuel cell vehicle, low temperature adaptability, shutdown purging, cold start, pump hydrogen control

Weifeng Kong,Chuan Fang,Jihong Liu,Jianqiu Li,Feiqiang Li,Shengtao Huang,Xingwang Zhao,Yan Shi,Dian Yuan,Liangfei Xu,Peng Sun,Enfei Zhou,Minggao Ouyang. Research on Fuel Cell Cold Start Strategy Based on Single Cell Impedance Consistency Purging[J].Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(2): 260-268.

Figures/Tables 16

References 30

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部件	参数	数值
膜	厚度	8 μm
膜电极	活性面积	330 cm²
电堆	片数	330

参数	-1	0	+1	-1.682	+1.682
a/（g·s^-1）	90	100	110	83.18	116.82
b/kPa	130	140	150	123.18	156.82
c/℃	70	75	80	66.59	83.41

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Research on Fuel Cell Cold Start Strategy Based on Single Cell Impedance Consistency Purging

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Figures/Tables 16

References 30

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组数	a	b	c
1	-1	-1	-1
2	+1	-1	-1
3	-1	+1	-1
4	+1	+1	-1
5	-1	-1	+1
6	+1	-1	+1
7	-1	+1	+1
8	+1	+1	+1
9	0	0	-1.682
10	0	0	+1. 682
11	0	-1. 682	0
12	0	+1. 682	0
13	-1. 682	0	0
14	+1. 682	0	0
15	0	0	0
16	0	0	0
17	0	0	0
18	0	0	0
19	0	0	0
20	0	0	0