基于扩展状态观测的燃料电池空气供应系统容错控制研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.11.010

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the fault-tolerant control issue in the air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） for automotive application， an adaptive control method based on extended state observer and input-output feedback linearization （IOFL） is proposed， which effectively observes the state changes of the system under fault conditions， adaptively adjusts the control input， and ensures the reliable and stable operation of the system. Firstly， a feedback linearization controller is constructed based on the PEMFC system state-space model from the literature. Subsequently， the system states are reconstructed using an extended state observer to achieve effective estimation of fault parameters. Based on the constructed model and controller， the control performance of both the IOFL controller and the proposed adaptive controller on the oxygen excess ratio is investigated for compressor overheating， increased mechanical friction and air manifold leakage faults. The results show that the adaptive controller can effectively eliminate steady-state errors， ensure stable system operation， and provide reliable state estimation when dealing with single and multiple faults， which significantly enhances the robustness and reliability of the air supply system control. Furthermore， the control results also verify that the proposed adaptive control strategy can effectively avoid compressor voltage oscillations， thereby further improving the stability and extending the lifespan of the fuel cell system.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, air supply system, extended state observation, fault tolerant control

Sheng Zeng,Meiling Yue,Xintong Li. Study on Fault-Tolerant Control for Fuel Cell Air Supply Systems via Extended State Observer[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(11): 2159-2167.

Figures/Tables 15

变量名	计算公式
$c 1$	$R ? T s t ? l c a ? i n M O 2 ? V c a ? x O 2 ? a t m 1 + ω a t m$
$c 2$	$R ? T s t ? l c a ? i n M N 2 ? V c a ? 1 - x O 2 ? a t m 1 + ω a t m$
$c 3$	$R ? T s t V c a$
$c 4$	$R ? T s t ? n 4 F ? V c a$
$c 5$	$η c m ? k t ? k v J c p ? R c m$
$c 6$	$M v ? p s a t$
$c 7$	$ω a t m$
$c 8$	$γ - 1 γ$
$c 9$	$η c m ? k t J c p ? R c m$
$c 10$	$R ? T a t m M a ? a t m ? V s m$
$c 11$	$1 η c p$
$c 12$	$k c a ? i n$
$c 13$	$l c a ? i n ? x O 2 ? a t m 1 + ω a t m$
$c 14$	$n ? M O 2 4 ? F$

参数	描述	数值	单位
$η c p$	压缩机效率	0.8
$η c m$	压缩机电机机械效率	0.98
$J c p$	压缩机转动惯量	5×10^-5	kg·m³
$R c m$	压缩机电机电阻	0.82	Ω
$k t$	电机转矩灵敏度常数	0.015 3	N·m/A
$k v$	电机反电动势常数	0.015 3	V/（rad/s）
$M a ? a t m$	大气空气摩尔质量	28.97×10^-3	kg/mol
$M O 2$	氧气摩尔质量	32×10^-3	kg/mol
$M N 2$	氮气摩尔质量	28×10^-3	kg/mol
$M v$	水蒸气摩尔质量	18.02×10^-3	kg/mol
$x O 2 ? a t m$	阴极入口氧气摩尔比	0.21
$V c a$	阴极体积	0.01	m³
$l c a ? i n$	阴极入口流量系数	0.3629×10^-5	kg/（s·Pa）
$V s m$	供气歧管体积	0.02	m³
$T s t$	燃料电池堆温度	353.15	K
$T a t m$	大气温度	298.15	K
$ω a t m$	大气压力	101 325	Pa
$p s a t$	饱和压力	47 076	Pa
$γ$	空气比热比	1.4
$R$	通用气体常数	8.314 5	J/（mol·K）
$n$	单电池数量	381
$F$	法拉第常数	96 485	C/mol

References 16

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Study on Fault-Tolerant Control for Fuel Cell Air Supply Systems via Extended State Observer

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