车用燃料电池空气供给系统故障诊断研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.07.006

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the stability and safety of the air supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） and extend its service life， in this paper， a residual model-based fault diagnosis method for the fuel cell air supply system is proposed. A fourth-order state space model of the air supply system model is proposed， and the model error is verified to be within 1%， which ensures the accuracy and validity of the constructed model. A sliding mode observer for the air supply system is designed， and Gaussian noise is introduced to simulate the noise in the actual sensors. The results show that the observer can track the actual values better， and the estimation error is within 2%. The residuals are generated by the observer in real time to detect the system faults. For the problem of inaccurate identification of fault types by residual signals， the relative fault sensitivity function is introduced to establish the theoretical fault sensitivity feature matrix， and the Euclidean distance between the real-time system state quantities and the theoretical fault sensitivity is calculated to achieve the fault diagnosis and isolation of the air supply system. The results show that the method can quickly and accurately identify and isolate air compressor faults， pipe leakage faults and blockage faults.

Key words: fuel cell, air supply systems, sliding mode observer, fault detection

Haohua Yan,Congxin Li,Lide Yi,Ying Liu,Yikang Liu,Xin Zhang. Research on Air Supply System Fault Diagnosis for Vehicle Fuel Cells[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(7): 1285-1295.

Figures/Tables 25

变量	定义	变量	定义
$x 1 = ω c p$	空压机转速/（rad·s^-1）	$x 4 = p o m$	排气管道压力/Pa
$x 2 = p s m$	供给管道压力/Pa	$U c m$	空压机输入电压/V
$x 3 = p c a$	阴极流道压力/Pa	$I s t$	负载电流/A

故障	故障描述	大小
$f 1$	空压机内阻增加	$Δ R c m = ± 20 % R c m$
$f 2$	供给管道泄漏	$Δ k s m, o u t = ± 10 % k s m, o u t$
$f 3$	阴极流道堵塞	$Δ k c a, o u t = ± 10 % k c a, o u t$
$f 4$	排气管道泄漏	$Δ l = ± 15 % W s m, o u t$

故障	S1	S2	S3	S4
$f 1$	1	1	0	1
$f 2$	1	1	1	1
$f 3$	0	1	1	1
$f 4$	0	1	1	1

故障	$r 1 / r 2$	$r 3 / r 2$	$…$	$r n / r 2$
$f 1$	$S r 1, r 2, f 1 r e l, t h e o$	$S r 3, r 2, f 1 r e l, t h e o$	$…$	$S r n, r 2, f 1 r e l, t h e o$
$f 2$	$S r 1, r 2, f 2 r e l, t h e o$	$S r 3, r 2, f 2 r e l, t h e o$	$…$	$S r n, r 2, f 2 r e l, t h e o$
$f 3$	$S r 1, r 2, f 3 r e l, t h e o$	$S r 3, r 2, f 3 r e l, t h e o$	$…$	$S r n, r 2, f 3 r e l, t h e o$
$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$
$f n$	$S r 1, r 2, f n r e l, t h e o$	$S r 3, r 2, f n r e l, t h e o$	$…$	$S r n, r 2, f n r e l, t h e o$

故障	$r 1 / r 2$	$r 3 / r 2$	$r 4 / r 2$
$f 1$	71.432 5	0.668 5	0.116 5
$f 2$	0.202 0	25.941 9	4.569 4
$f 3$	9.97 $×$ 10^-4	253.691 4	2.570 4
$f 4$	0.014 9	8.371 7	1.471 7

References 33

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Research on Air Supply System Fault Diagnosis for Vehicle Fuel Cells

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