Table of Content

25 October 2020, Volume 42 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Select

Hierarchical Model Predictive Control of Intelligent and Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Platooning Guo Jinghua, Wang Ban, Wang Jingyao, Luo Yugong, Li Keqiang 2020, 42 (10):  1293-1301.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.001 Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (1452KB) ( 753 )   Save This paper presents a hierarchical model predictive control method for intelligent connected hybrid electric vehicles (ICHEVs) platooning to improve the safety, fuel economy, and riding comfort. Firstly, a dynamic model is established to accurately characterize the multi-process coupling characteristics of ICHEVs platooning. Then, a hierarchical model predictive controller (HMPC) for ICHEVs platooning is established considering the nonlinear and discrete characteristics of ICHEVs platooning. The upper layer controller builds a robust prediction model based on feedback correction to eliminate model mismatch caused by parameter errors or vehicle dynamic characteristics changes and improve the accuracy and robustness of the prediction model so as to realize the multi-objective coordinated control of safety, economy, and comfort as well as the online optimization of the expected acceleration of ICHEVs platooning. The lower layer controller utilizes the multi-system dynamic coordination controller in the ICHEVs platooning to realize accurate and coordinated control of the two power sources of the engine and motor. Finally, the test results show that the proposed hierarchical MPC system can improve the tracking capability in the platooning and significantly improve fuel economy and riding comfort of ICHEVs References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on Multi-mode Switching Strategy of Adaptive Cruise Control System Based on Personalized Spacing Strategy Huang Jing, Wei Wei, Zou Debiao 2020, 42 (10):  1302-1311.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.002 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (1140KB) ( 627 )   Save A multi-mode switching strategy of adaptive cruise control system based on personalized spacing strategy is designed in this paper to better adapt to the actual driving conditions, and to improve the driving experience of different types of drivers. Firstly, the ACC driving modes are divided into four working conditions including cruising, car following, takeover and lane change. According to different longitudinal working conditions, different spacing strategies adapted to personalized driving style are adopted to realize stable, reliable, and smooth switching between different working conditions. Then, the multi-mode switching control of adaptive cruise control system is realized by two-layer hierarchical control strategy. Finally, the tests of cruising, car following, taking over, lane change and mixed switching conditions are carried out with the joint simulation of Matlab / Simulink and CarSim. The results show that the designed multi-mode switching control strategy is effective and meets the requirements of rapidity, following performance and comfort References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Distributed Robust Control of Vehicle Platoon for Strict Collision Avoidance Yang Zeyu, Huang Jin, Hu Zhanyi, Xie Guotao, Zhong Zhihua 2020, 42 (10):  1312-1319.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.003 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 480 )   Save Aiming at the control problem of a platoon of connected intelligent vehicles, adesign method of strict collision-avoidance distributed robust controller is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a nonlinear error dynamic model containing complex uncertainties and external disturbances is established, the collision-avoidance abilityandcompactness of platoon are ensured by fluctuation interval limiting vehicle spacing error, and accordingly a vehicle spacing potential function is introduced. Then based on spacing potential function, the states of egovehicle and neighboring vehicles and dynamically uncertain boundaries, a distributed robust control law is designed, and it is theoretically proved that the controller can ensure the collision-avoidance ability,compactness and stability in speed errorof platoon, with the effects of communication topology and control parameters on control performance analyzed. By correcting the desired vehicle spacing model, the application scope of the controller can be extended to the condition with large initial error. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed to verify the results of main theoretical analysis References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on Eco-driving of Connected Vehicles Considering the Influence of Traffic Flow Zou Yuan, Zhang Tao, Zhang Xudong, Guo Ningyuan 2020, 42 (10):  1320-1326.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.004 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 477 )   Save Eco-approach and departure (EAD) of connected vehicles at signalized intersection of urban roads is a hot issue in the future of vehicle eco-driving research. In view of the problem that traffic queuing leads to connected vehicles stopping at intersections, a signal model of effective crossing time considering the queuing effect is proposed in this paper firstly, then a recursive search algorithm is used to screen the specific combination scheme of continuous crossing at intersections, so as to reduce the complexity of optimization problem. Finally, pseudo-spectral method is used to analyze the energy saving speed optimization of electric connected vehicles at single and multiple intersections. The results show that the calculation efficiency of the control strategy based on pseudo-spectrum method is more efficient than the dynamic programming algorithm. Compared with the intelligent driver model, this control strategy can produce better energy saving speed References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comprehensive Intelligent Quantitative Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicle Based on Entropy and G1 Methods Li Ru, Ma Yulin, Tian Huan, Sun Chuan 2020, 42 (10):  1327-1334.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.005 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (866KB) ( 491 )   Save A comprehensive intelligent quantitative evaluation of autonomous vehicle is conducted in this paper based on entropy and order relation analysis (G1) methods. Firstly, indicator weighting factors are determined by combining entropy method with G1 scheme. Then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to perform comprehensive intelligent quantitative evaluation on autonomous vehicle. In this process, Lyapunov index is used to quantify indicators for effectively overcoming the subjectivity in expert judgment by experiences, and a way of compound weight is adopted to make full use of objective information obtained, resulting in more accurate and objective weights in all levels of indicator of autonomous vehicle and hence a scientific and rational evaluation result obtained. Finally the evaluation model is verified by the performance of racing team in real contests References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Real-time Optimization Algorithm for Truck Predictive Cruise Based on ADAS Map Wang Yuhai, Li Xingkun, Zhang Penglei, Zheng Xuguang 2020, 42 (10):  1335-1339.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.006 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 399 )   Save Vehicle longitudinal dynamics is applied to the reconstruction of the road network in front of the vehicle based on ADAS map, combined with prior knowledge of predictive fuel-saving driving, and a dynamic programming optimization algorithm for the predictive cruise control of a commercial vehicle is proposed, solving the practicalization problems of dynamic programming algorithm under long-distance and multiple constraints, such as bloating algorithm and the inability in the real-time calculation of onboard embedded system. The results of real vehicle verification test show that under the driving condition of same route, condition and driver, predictive cruise control can achieve fuel saving by 3%~ 6%, compared with ordinary driver driving References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advanced Diagnosis of Incomplete Combustion in HCCI Engine Based on Information Fusion of Ion Current and Cylinder Pressure Wang Shuo, Zhu Denghao, Deng Jun, Li Liguang 2020, 42 (10):  1340-1345.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.007 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1085KB) ( 298 )   Save Due to the random abnormal combustion, the application of HCCI engine is hindered. In this paper, based on the platform of a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with modified compression ratio and valve mechanism, taking the cylinder pressure and ion current in the period of negative valve overlap as signals, the method of advanced diagnosis of incomplete combustion in HCCI engine is studied. The results show that the peak phase of cylinder pressure and the peak value of ion current during NVO can be used as the basis for incomplete combustion diagnosis. When the peak phase of cylinder pressure or the peak value of ion current is used alone for diagnosis, most of the incomplete combustion cycles can be judged in advance, with the diagnostic sensitivity of 93.8% and 95.6% respectively; but some of the normal cycles can be misjudged as incomplete combustion cycles. When using the combination of cylinder pressure and ion current signal for diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy can be greatly improved to 90.0%, and the diagnostic sensitivity can be kept at 91.4% References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of Ash and Carrier Structure on the Internal Flow Field and Pressure Drop Characteristics of DPF Chen Guisheng, Li Qing, Lü Yu, Pan Mingzhang, He Ru, Huang Zhen 2020, 42 (10):  1346-1353.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.008 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1925KB) ( 315 )   Save A test bench for D30TCI diesel engine with DOC+DPF is built to conduct the pressure drop characteristics test on the carriers with two different structures. The calculation model for diesel particulate filter (DPF) is established, the effects of ash distribution coefficient on the pressure drop and trap characteristics of DPF are studied, and the inlet/outlet aperture ratio of the carrier with asymmetric hole structure is optimized. The discrete phase model is used to simulate the effects of ash deposition and carrier structure on the gas flow movement in DPF channel and particulate deposition characteristics. The results show that the DPF pressure drop and trapping efficiency increase with the increase of ash distribution coefficient, and there is an optimal range (1.25~1.35) for the inlet/outlet aperture ratio of the carrier with asymmetric hole structure to achieve the optimal DPF pressure drop and trap characteristics. Along the axial direction of DPF, the gas flow velocity in inlet channel rises first and then falls, while that in outlet channel gradually increases. The inlet/outlet velocities of DPF with asymmetric hole structure are higher than that with symmetric hole structure. Ash accumulation may aggravate the change of velocity in DPF channel, which reaches the highest in the center while lowers in the vicinity of wall surface. The particulates in DPF channels exhibit an uneven distribution: more in the front-end and less in the rear-end. Compared with asymmetric hole structure, the DPF with symmetric hole structure traps less particulates with more uneven distribution in particulate concentration, but ash accumulation can enhance the evenness of particulate distribution References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Driving Behavior Correction of RDE Test Results Based on Window Dynamics Factor Zhang Yuanjun, Dong Honglei, Li Yuebing, Ren Yi, Shi Yuhai 2020, 42 (10):  1354-1363.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.009 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (2822KB) ( 373 )   Save Since the China-VI emission regulation currently cannot effectively rule out the impact of driving behaviors on the results of real driving emission (RDE) test, different driving behaviors lead to significant discrepancies in RDE test results. In order to enhance the objectivity and repeatability of test results, a concept of window dynamics factor is introduced by normalizing v·apos[95]window, based on which the correction for driving behavior is conducted on the results of RDE test. An RDE test for driving behavior comparison is carried out on two light gasoline vehicles, meeting the China-VI emission standard. The results show that after correction, the discrepancies of RDE test results in terms of emission factor between normal driving and aggressive driving significantly reduce. The relative discrepancies reduce from 64.01% ～ 20.7% to 17.26% ～ 19.90% for CO, those reduce from 69.46% ～ 262.32% to 1.88% ～ 10.43% for PN, while those reduce from 18.46% ～ 46.21% to 10.82% ～ 19.68% for NOx References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Road Driving Emission Characteristics of Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicles with Different Loads Song Dong, Zheng Yongming, Liu Shuang, Liang Daping 2020, 42 (10):  1364-1368.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.010 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 523 )   Save It is of great significance to study the influence of load on the emission characteristics of heavy duty diesel vehicles in the road driving emission test of China VI standard. In this study, portable emission test equipment is used to test the road driving emission of type N2 diesel vehicles with 10%, 50% and 100% loads respectively. The real-time emission concentrations of CO, PN, NOx, CO2 and the specific emission results of the entire test process are collected. Through analysis of the data, it is concluded that the highest emission of PN real-time emission concentration comes from the high-speed phase and increases with the increase of vehicle speed; the highest phase of NOx real-time emission concentration is the urban phase and decreases with the increase of vehicle speed; the specific emission results of each pollutant will not increase with the increase of vehicle load, and the peak values of specific emission results of different pollutants occur in different operating phase. This research has practical reference value for calibration development of OMEs and certificate authority to test the road driving emission of heavy-duty vehicles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Slope Estimation Algorithm and Its Implementation Based on Acceleration Correction Zeng Xiaohua, Qian Qifeng, Song Dafeng, Gu Jingzhe, Yuan Weisong 2020, 42 (10):  1369-1377.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.011 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 775 )   Save In view of the defects of too many parameters involved and poor accuracy in current slope estimation methods, a new slope estimation algorithm is proposed based on acceleration correction. The algorithm uses only the signals of accelerations in three directions and rotational speed, corrects initial acceleration signal by rotational speed integral and extracts the component of gravity acceleration along slope direction from acceleration signals. Then the stable Kalman gains in different conditionsare calculated offline based on the characteristics of working conditions and the fuzzy system is set up to dynamically determine the signal fusion coefficient, avoiding the necessity of real time estimation of error covariant in directly using Kalman filtering algorithm. Finally the software and hardware are integrated with real vehicle test performed, verifying the good real time performance and high accuracy of the slope estimation method proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on the Design Scheme of Multifunctional Power Transmission Device Zhu Zhen, Cai Yingfeng, Chen Long, Xia Changgao, Tian Xiang, Shi Dehua 2020, 42 (10):  1378-1385.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.012 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (1074KB) ( 390 )   Save A multifunctional power transmission device integrating hydrostatic, hydro-mechanical and mechanical transmissions is designed in this paper. Hydrostatic transmission is mainly used in starting condition to meet the requirement of smooth start; hydro-mechanical compound transmission is mainly used in operation conditions for meeting the requirement of stepless speed regulation; and the mechanical transmission is mainly used in transportation operation with high transmission efficiency; while meeting transmission requirement, the power take off shaft can output power to drive other mechanisms. The transmission performance optimization of multi-mode switching power transmission device is studied from three aspects of speed regulation characteristic, shifting strategy and efficiency characteristic. According to the design requirements, the kinematics and kinetic analyses on the vehicle system is performed to obtain the assembly schemes and related parameters of power transmission device, with its speed regulation characteristic analyzed, and in the whole process of speed regulation, the shifting strategy of power transmission device, in which clutches and brakes are jointly involved, is studied, with the optimal switching moment for each element found out. The efficiency of hydraulic system is obtained by empirical formulas, and the efficiency of multifunctional power transmission device is calculated using efficiency definition method. The efficiency curves of hydraulic system are fitted based on test data, and the efficiency of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system is further determined by conversion mechanism method. The results show that the shifting quality of power transmission device can be greatly enhanced by properly selecting the switching sequence of shifting elements. Hydraulic system has better efficiency characteristic under the conditions of large displacement, medium-high speed and medium pressure, and can achieve smooth start; mechanical transmission has higher efficiency, but it also requests better road conditions; while hydro-mechanical compound transmission generally has relatively good efficiency characteristic in the range of whole displacement ratio and medium-high speeds. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on Reliability Condition Characteristics of Electric Drive System Based on User Big Data Zhao Lihui, Wang Zhen, Feng Jinzhi, Zheng Songlin 2020, 42 (10):  1386-1396.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.013 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (4851KB) ( 439 )   Save The research on the characteristics of the reliability conditions of the electric drive system based on user operation data is the premise and foundation for the compilation and assessment of the reliability load spectrum of the electric drive system. In this paper, based on the actual users’ operation data of various regions and vehicle models, the user data is pre-processed and correlated with the typical component failure dominant load of the drive system to construct the characteristic parameters of the operation conditions. The principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of the multi-dimensional characteristic parameter. The clustering algorithm is used to divide the operating fragment of the electric drive system into five typical working conditions, and analyzes the operating time, driving distance, damage contribution and damage intensity distribution of each working condition. Then the five typical working conditions are further divided into 13 types of working conditions. The research results provide a reference and basis for the selection of the reliability test conditions of the electric drive system under the users’ operation conditions and the determination of the total life cycle reliability target and the compilation of the load spectrum References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Dynamic Slip Ratio Emulationon of Dynamometer Based on Adaptive Robust Control Ma Ruihai, Wang Lifang, Zhang Junzhi, He Chengkun 2020, 42 (10):  1397-1403.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.014 Abstract ( 170 )   PDF (1150KB) ( 359 )   Save Structured and unstructured uncertainties are the key factors restraining the high-accuracy loading of dynamometer,which may lead to the deterioration of the emulation performance of dynamic slip ratio during anti-lock braking. Firstly, the rotational dynamics model is built for the test bench of the electric braking system of a typical electric vehicle. Then, for enhancing the emulation accuracy of slip ratio, a dynamometer loading algorithm with adaptive integral robust control is proposed, a discontinuous mapping-based adaptive control law is set up to handle the structured uncertainties of system, while the RISE feedback control law is adopted to suppress the unstructured uncertainties of the system. The designed controller does not require a prior knowledge on the upper bounds of disturbances, the gain of robust control can be set online, and theoretically the input can be continuously controlled to achieve the global asymptotic tracking performance of the system. Simulation results show that the method proposed can achieve the precise emulation of dynamic slip ratio with strong robustness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on Feedforward and Feedback Tracking Control for Automatic Emergency Steering Collision Avoidance in Vehicle High-speed Driving Lai Fei, Ye Xin 2020, 42 (10):  1404-1411.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.015 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 400 )   Save A particle model for vehicle collision avoidance is established to conduct a comparative analysis on the effectiveness of three different collision avoidance methods. The results show that during vehicle high-speed emergency collision avoidance, steering collision avoidance requires smaller longitudinal distance than braking collision avoidance does and is closer to that with combination of steering and braking collision avoidance. Based on this, an automatic steering collision avoidance controller combining feedforward and feedback is designed. By selecting seven-order polynomial reference path with smooth transition and combined with 2-DOF linear steering dynamics model, the feed-forward wheel turning angle can be obtained. In addition, PID feedback controller is designed with the lateral displacement deviation between actual path and reference path as feedbacks. Finally, a simulation verification is performed on the controller designed. The results show that the feedforward and feedback tracking controllers designed have good tracking effect in actual practice, high robustness and strong ability to resist side wind and other external disturbances, and hence can achieve effective collision avoidance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Engine Sound Partition Control in Passenger Car Based on Multi-channel Command-FxLMS Algorithm He Yansong, Zhang Shiqiang, Zhang Zhifei, Zhou Tao 2020, 42 (10):  1412-1419.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.016 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (2076KB) ( 393 )   Save The driver and passenger have different requirements on the engine sound when the car is running. The driver needs a certain feedback of the vehicle driving conditions while the passenger needs a relatively quiet environment for rest. In this paper, on the basis of multi-channel Command-FxLMS algorithm, the active control of engine sound partition is realized by setting up different orders of target sound at the driver’s headrest position and other passenger’s headrest positions. Based on the DSP hardware platform, the real vehicle test is carried out for the 2nd and 3rd orders engine noise in the passenger car, and the sound partition control is realized at the driver’s position and the passenger’s position. At the driver’s position, the second order noise is eliminated and the third order noise is raised to the target sound pressure level, while at other positions, the second order noise is reduced and the third order noise is maintained at the low level. The experiment results show that the active control system of engine sound partition works well References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application Research on Subjective and Objective Evaluation Method of Vehicle Driving Simulator Xu Liang, Shi Juan, Zheng Yingdong, Guo Kuiyuan, Qin Kongjian 2020, 42 (10):  1420-1427.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.017 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (6448KB) ( 487 )   Save Driving simulators are emphatically studied in this paper and a set of subjective and objective evaluation methods for vehicle driving simulator are proposed, with subjective and objective evaluation scores weighted and integrated to get an overall score. The proposed evaluation method can be applied to the selection of driving simulators, providing a reference basis for enterprises in purchasing driving simulators and conducting subsequent equipment accreditation References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Performance Research and Optimization Schemes of Dynamic Locking Tongue in Frontal Crash Shi Zhiping, Chen Hongji, Zhou Chengjing, Pan Zhihong, Deng Qiang, Shao Weinan 2020, 42 (10):  1428-1433.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.018 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (2222KB) ( 396 )   Save The effects of dynamic locking tongue (DLT)on dummy injury and the optimization scheme of its single product performance are studied in this paper. Firstly the theorecical study on the working principle of DLT in terms of its structure and the model for the forces acting on dummy chest. Then the effects of DLT on belt force and dummy chest deflection are futher determined by sled experiment, and it is found that with DLT the dummy chest deflection can be effectively reduced by lowering the belt force at shoulder section B4, hence improving chest injury. Finally two optimization schemes for DLT single product are qualitatively analyzed by LS-DYNA simulation with a result showing that shortening response time and increasing locking retention force can effectively enhance the restraint performance of DLT, resulting in smaller dummy chest deflection References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Study on Online Measurement Method ofEngine Valve Clearance and Valve Lift Hu Zhi, Zhu Xiaoyang, Fang Maowen, Yang Zhengkai, Zhou Yi, Zhao Deyong 2020, 42 (10):  1434-1439.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.019 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (1689KB) ( 718 )   Save Valve clearance and valve lift are two important inspection items in engine valve-train. The scientificity of the online measuring method can comprehensively reflect the accuracy of the key indicators such as machining accuracy and assembly accuracy of the engine valve-train in the process of machining and assembly. Based on the analysis of the measurement methods of the two key parameters, the design characteristics of the measurement scheme and its significance to product quality control are studied. At the same time, it provides a reference for similar parts measurement selection scheme References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Closing Energy Calculation in Forward Design of Vehicle Side Door Hu Jianfeng, Wang Xin, Du Baohua, Jin Yunguang, Tian Liang, Ouyang Ming, Gao Kai, Wu Han 2020, 42 (10):  1440-1447.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.10.020 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (1780KB) ( 632 )   Save Based on the secondary development of CATIA software and VBA language programming, the key parameters in the 3D data of side door system are automatically collected and the parameter preset for preliminary design is completed. According to the structure and movement features of side door system, a spatial geometric model for side door closing energy and mathematical models for fluid mechanics and dynamics are established. Through the secondary development of Excel platform and VBA language programming, the above-mentioned geometric model and calculation model are gathered into an Excel file with a man-machine interactive operation interface designed. Through one-click calculation, the designed preset parameters of different vehicles are input, and the corresponding minimum closing energy for the site door system is calculated. The comparison between calculated and measured data shows that their conformation rates are all over 80%, verifying the accuracy of the calculation program for closing energy in the forward design of side door References | Related Articles | Metrics