汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2397-2408.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.12.012

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基于小波分解与重构的颠簸路面工况线控转向系统路感模拟方法

江浩斌1(),林先鹏1,李臣旭2,沈同辉1,唐斌1   

  1. 1.江苏大学汽车工程研究院,镇江 212013
    2.江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,镇江 212013
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 江浩斌 E-mail:jianghb@ujs.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省“十四五”重点学科(交通运输工程学科)建设项目和泰州市科技支撑计划项目(TG202307)

Road Sense Simulation Method for Steer-by-Wire Bumpy Pavement Based on Wavelet Decomposition and Reconstruction

Haobin Jiang1(),Xianpeng Lin1,Chenxu Li2,Tonghui Shen1,Bin Tang1   

  1. 1.Automotive Engineering Research Institute,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013
    2.Department of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013
  • Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-04-07 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-19
  • Contact: Haobin Jiang E-mail:jianghb@ujs.edu.cn

摘要:

线控转向(steer-by-wire,SBW)系统由于取消了转向盘和转向器之间的机械连接,路面与轮胎之间的相互作用力矩、路面不平度等信息无法直接传递到转向盘,驾驶员在操控转向盘时就无法获得真实的“路感”,因此,路感模拟是线控转向系统的关键技术之一。目前关于线控转向系统在平坦路面工况的路感模拟方法已较为成熟,对于颠簸路面工况的路感模拟仍面临困难和挑战。本文首先基于线控转向执行机构模型设计了扩张状态观测器对转向齿条力进行估计,参照电动助力转向系统(EPS)的助力特性规律确定了随车速变化的SBW系统路感主力矩,对常规路况下SBW路感模拟需要估计的系统摩擦力矩、阻尼力矩、主动回正力矩与限位力矩进行分析;考虑到颠簸路面路感模拟的特殊性,须根据转向盘振动频率对驾驶员的影响规律来确定相应的补偿力矩,基于振动信号小波分解来掌握驾驶员对颠簸路面不同频率的接受程度,并通过对齿条力信号的筛选、衰减或放大来重构颠簸路面振动,从而对颠簸路面的路感模拟力矩进行合理的补偿计算。仿真和台架实验结果表明,基于小波分解与重构的颠簸路面路感模拟方法,既不影响驾驶员的转向操纵舒适性,又能使驾驶员清晰地感受到路面不平度,获得良好的路感。

关键词: 线控转向(SBW)系统, 路感模拟, 颠簸路面补偿力矩, 小波分解与重构

Abstract:

Due to the cancellation of the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the steering gear, the interaction torque between the road surface and the tires, the unevenness of the road surface and other information cannot be directly transmitted to the steering wheel, and the driver cannot obtain the real "road feeling" when controlling the steering wheel, so the road sense simulation is one of the key technologies of the steer-by-wire system. At present, the road sense simulation method of steer-by-wire system in flat road conditions has been relatively mature, but it is still difficult and challenging to simulate road sense in bumpy road conditions. In this paper, an extended state observer is designed based on the steer-by-wire actuator model to estimate the steering rack force, and the main torque of the SBW system is determined with reference to the power assist characteristics of the electric power steering system (EPS), and the system friction torque, damping torque, active return torque and limit torque that need to be estimated in the SBW road sensing simulation under conventional road conditions are analyzed. Considering the particularity of the bumpy road sense simulation, it is necessary to determine the corresponding compensation torque according to the influence of the steering wheel vibration frequency on the driver, grasp the driver's acceptance of different frequencies of the bumpy road surface based on the wavelet decomposition of the vibration signal, and reconstruct the bumpy road vibration through screening, attenuation or amplification of the rack force signal, so as to reasonably calculate and compensate the road sense simulation torque of the bumpy road. The simulation and bench experiment results show that the bumpy road sense simulation method based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction not only does not affect the steering comfort of the driver, but also makes the driver clearly feel the unevenness of the road surface and obtain a good road feeling.

Key words: steer-by-wire (sbw) system, road feel simulation, bumpy road torque, wavelet decomposition and reconstruction