中国体征第五百分位女性汽车乘员损伤仿生模型开发及验证

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向智能汽车安全研发和未来数字化测评技术，有效预测与评估小身材女性在汽车碰撞中的运动学和生物力学响应及损伤机理，本研究基于志愿者CT医学影像数据，开发了具有自主知识产权的符合中国人体特征的第五百分位女性汽车乘员损伤仿生模型。采用4种区域加载方式，重构了5组小身材女性胸腹部钝性冲击尸体试验，从接触力-压缩量曲线以及生物力学响应等数据对模型的有效性进行评估。同时将仿真结果与相同加载条件下局部胸腹部模型的响应结果进行对比，分析四肢对胸腹部刚度响应的影响。结果表明：对于5组不同冲击速度和冲击质量的尸体试验，模型预测的结果与尸体试验数据趋于一致，验证了该模型具有较高的生物逼真度，因此可应用于汽车安全领域乘员保护测试试验的仿真计算，以降低研发成本。在四肢运动响应的作用下，整人模型的胸腹部刚度表现出略高于局部胸腹部模型的特征，证明了使用整人模型来评估损伤会更加精确。该模型能定量预测与评估人体组织器官的损伤以研究具有中国体征的小身材女性汽车乘员的损伤机理，也将为汽车数字化测评技术、汽车主被动安全一体化研究和智能汽车座舱安全防护装置的研发提供基础数据和技术支撑。

关键词: 中国第五百分位女性, 汽车乘员, 损伤仿生模型, 生物力学响应, 损伤机理

Abstract:

For the research on intelligent vehicle safety and digital assessment technology in the future， in order to effectively predict and evaluate the kinematic responses， biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms of the small size female in traffic accidents， an injury biomimetic model of the 5^th percentile Chinese female physiological characteristics is developed with independent intellectual property based on CT images of a volunteer， named TUST IBMs F05-O. Five groups blunt impact cadaver tests on the thorax and abdomen of small-sized female are reconstructed using four regional loading methods and the validity of the model is evaluated by the force-deflection curve and the biomechanical response data. At the same time， the simulation results from the whole-body model is compared with the results from the thoracic-abdominal partial model under the same loading conditions to analyze the influence of limbs on the stiffness responses of the chest and abdomen. The results show that for the five groups of cadaver tests with different impact velocity and mass， the predicted results by the model are consistent with the cadaver test data， proving the high bio-fidelity of the model. Therefore， it can be applied to the simulation calculation of the occupant protection test of automotive safety assessments in order to reduce the development cost. The thoracoabdominal stiffness of the whole-body model is slightly larger than that of the thoracic-abdominal partial model because of the influence of limbs kinematic responses， which proves that the whole-body model is more accurate to simulate and evaluate the injury than the partial model. The TUST IBMs F05-O can predict and assess quantitatively the injury of human tissues and organs to study the injury mechanisms of small size female occupants with Chinese physical characteristics， which can provide basic data and technical support for vehicle digital assessment technology， vehicle active and passive safety integration research and the development of the intelligent vehicle cockpit safety protection devices.

Key words: Chinese 5th percentile female, occupant, injury biomimetic model, biomechanical response, injury mechanism

李海岩,胡静,贺丽娟,冉令华,吕文乐,崔世海,阮世捷. 中国体征第五百分位女性汽车乘员损伤仿生模型开发及验证[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(10): 1965-1974.

Haiyan Li,Jing Hu,Lijuan He,Linghua Ran,Lü Wenle,Shihai Cui,Shijie Ruan. Development and Validation of an Injury Biomimetic Model of 5^th Percentile Female Occupant Exhibiting Chinese Anthropometry[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(10): 1965-1974.

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尸体信息					冲击条件		胸腹部响应			文献
加载条件	试验编号	年龄	身高/cm	体质量/kg	质量/kg	速度/（m·s^-1）	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm	肋骨骨折（NRF）	文献
胸部正面撞锤冲击	30FF	52	156	40.8	1.59	13.23	4.57	55.9	3处	Kroell 等（1971，1974）^［22-23］
胸部侧面撞锤冲击	29	52	157	53.1	23.40	5.20	2.87	91.0	无	Vinao 等（1989）^［24］
胸部侧面撞锤冲击	33	52	157	53.1	23.40	9.70	5.87	151.0	5处	Vinao 等（1989）^［24］
腹部正面棒击	19	43	159	53.1	31.24	5.00	2.46	135.6		Cavanaugh 等（1986）^［25］
腹部侧面撞锤冲击	30	52	157	53.1	23.40	6.10	3.20	100.0		Vinao 等（1989）^［24］

试验	胸部正面撞锤冲击试验		胸部右侧面撞锤冲击试验（5.2 m/s）		胸部左侧面撞锤冲击试验（9.7 m/s）		腹部正面棒击冲击试验		腹部侧面撞锤冲击试验
试验	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm	最大接触力/kN	最大压缩量/mm
尸体试验	4.57	55.9	2.87	91.0	5.87	151.0	2.46	135.6	3.20	100.0
验证试验	4.27	48.0	2.96	88.0	5.74	145.0	2.62	124.0	3.08	97.0
相差	6.5%	14.2%	3.5%	3.2%	2.2%	4.0%	6.5%	8.5%	3.7%	3.0%

胸部验证试验	阈值	左肺	右肺	心脏	右肾	左肾	肝脏
胸部验证试验	阈值	28.4%	28.4%	30.0%	30.0%	30.0%	30.0%
胸部正面撞锤冲击试验	仿真结果	32.3%	34.3%	25.3%	8.8%	6.5%	25.2%
胸部右侧面撞锤冲击试验（5.2 m/s）		7.6%	17.4%	5.1%	15.9%	18.9%	23.1%
胸部左侧面撞锤冲击试验（9.7 m/s）		31.8%	28.0%	26.1%	9.3%	11.7%	28.1%
腹部验证试验	阈值	小肠	大肠	胃	左肾	右肾	肝脏
腹部验证试验	阈值	130.0%	130.0%	130.0%	30.0%	30.0%	30.0%
正面棒击冲击试验	仿真结果	97.6%	35.8%	22.3%	16.9%	9.2%	15.5%
侧面撞锤冲击试验	仿真结果	52.3%	34.7%	43.2%	12.0%	9.9%	26.4%

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