不同角度正面碰撞中老年驾驶员下肢模型的响应研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究老年驾驶员在交通事故中下肢的损伤，本文中利用老年下肢模型预测不同工况下肢生物力学响应。首先，对下肢模型的有限元分析与尸体试验结果进行对比验证了模型的有效性。接着，利用验证后的有限元模型，用质量为4.5 kg、速度为4 m/s的圆柱形冲击器对膝关节进行不同角度碰撞，探究膝-大腿-髋（knee?thigh?hip）复合体的骨折损伤情况；大、小腿之间的夹角为100°时，分别以3.4和4 m/s的速度进行撞击试验。结果表明，对前一个试验，从冲击器平面法线相对股骨轴线的转角γ=-30°开始，随着冲击器顺时针转动，即γ角的代数值逐渐加大，膝部接触力也逐渐增大，在γ=+20o时达最大值，而到最后γ=+30o时稍有减小；对后一个试验，膝部撞击力以至膝部损伤随撞击速度提高而增大。

关键词: 碰撞, 老年驾驶员, 下肢损伤, 有限元模型, 生物力学响应

Abstract:

In order to study the injury of the lower limbs of elderly drivers in traffic accidents， a finite element （FE） model for the elderly lower limb is used to predict the biomechanical response of the elderly lower limbs under different working conditions in this paper. Firstly， the results of the finite element analysis on the elderly lower limb model and the cadaver test are compared， which verifies the validity of the model. Then， the knee joint of the elderly lower limb FE model verified is collided by a cylindrical impactor with a mass of 4.5 kg and a velocity of 4 m/s at different angles between the axis of thigh and the normal of the end surface of impactor in horizontal plane to explore the fracture injury of the knee?thigh?hip complex， and an impact test is also conducted with the same impactor against the knee joint with two different velocities of 3.4 and 4 m/s at an angle of 100°between the thigh and shank. The results show that for the former test， beginning with an angle of γ=-30°between the axis of thigh and the normal of the end surface of impactor， the impact force rises with the increase of the algebra value of the angle and reaches the peak at the angle of γ=+20° and then falls a bit at the final angle of γ=+30°； while for the later test， the impact force becomes larger when the impact velocity increases.

Key words: collision, elderly driver, lower limb injury, finite element model, biomechanical response

武和全,张家飞,任启凡,胡林. 不同角度正面碰撞中老年驾驶员下肢模型的响应研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(5): 739-745.

Hequan Wu,Jiafei Zhang,Qifan Ren,Lin Hu. Research on the Response of the Elderly Driver’s Lower Limb Model in Frontal Collisions at Different Angles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(5): 739-745.

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骨骼组织	密度/ (kg·mm^-3)	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	屈服应力/GPa	弹性模量/GPa
胫骨体	2.0×10^-6	17.0	0.3	0.134	1.0
胫骨两端	1.1×10^-6	0.7	0.3	0.009	0.1
股骨体	2.0×10^-6	15.5	0.3	0.134	1.0
腓骨体	2.0×10^-6	15.5	0.3	0.134	1.0

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