行人碰撞事故中颈部肌肉主动力对头部损伤的影响

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文旨在研究不同碰撞速度和行人步态条件下颈部肌肉主动力对行人头部损伤的影响。首先，采用湖南大学头颈HHNM-Ⅲ模型，取代LSTC假人模型头颈部分，构成行人混合假人模型并运用尸体实验数据验证该混合模型的有效性。然后运用该模型进行仿真，以分析不同碰撞速度下，撞击侧腿后摆和撞击侧腿前迈两种行人步态对行人头部损伤的影响。结果表明：在低速碰撞下，颈部肌肉会降低头部的运动幅度，但会使头部损伤风险增大；撞击侧腿后摆步态下的行人头部损伤比撞击侧腿前迈的步态严重；在高速碰撞条件下，颈肌对头部损伤的影响较小。

关键词: 行人碰撞事故, 行人头部损伤, 颈部肌肉主动力

Abstract:

This paper aims to investigate the effects of active force of neck muscle on pedestrian head injury under different impact speeds and pedestrian gaits. Firstly， the head-neck part of LSTC pedestrian model is replaced by HHNM III head-neck model developed by Hunan University to form a hybrid pedestrian dummy model， whose effectiveness is then verified by cadaver test data. Then a simulation is conducted to analyze the effects of pedestrian gaits， i.e. struck leg backward （SLB） and struck leg forward （SLF） on pedestrian head injury under different impact speeds. The results show that in low-speed collisions， the neck muscles will reduce the amplitude of head movement， but increase the risk of head injury， the pedestrian head injury with a gait of SLB is severer than that with SLF， and the neck muscles have smaller effects on head injury in high-speed collisions.

Key words: pedestrian collision accident, pedestrian head injury, neck muscle active force

李凡,叶铭杰,黄巍,聂进,谭明钢. 行人碰撞事故中颈部肌肉主动力对头部损伤的影响[J]. 汽车工程, 2022, 44(3): 385-391.

Fan Li,Mingjie Ye,Wei Huang,Jin Nie,Minggang Tan. Effects of Neck Muscle’s Active Force on Head Injury in Pedestrian Collision Accidents[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(3): 385-391.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献 20

1	World Health Organization. Global status report on road safety 2018 ［R］. 2018.
2	Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security. Annual report on road traffic accidents of the People's Republic of China （2016）［M］. Beijing， 2016.
3	OTTE D. Severity and mechanism of head impacts in car to pedestrian accidents［C］. Proc. IRCOBI Conf.， 1999： 329-341.
4	LI F， LI H， XIAO Z， et al. A review on injury mechanism of intracerebral hemorrhage in vehicle accidents［J］. Current Pharmaceutical Design， 2016， 23（15）：2177.
5	KLEINBERGER M. Application of finite element techniques to the study of cervical spine mechanics［C］. SAE Paper 933131.
6	YANG K H， ZHU F， LUAN F， et al. Development of a finite element model of the human neck［C］. SAE Paper 983157.
7	EJIMA S， ONO K， KANEOKA K， et al. Development and validation of the human neck muscle model under impact loading［C］.Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury Conference. International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury， 2005.
8	HEDENSTIERNA S， HALLDIN P， BROLIN K. Evaluation of a combination of continuum and truss finite elements in a model of passive and active muscle tissue［J］. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering， 2008， 11（6）：627-639.
9	WITTEK A. Mathematical modeling of the muscle effects on the human body responses under transient loads example of the head-neck complex［D］. Chalmers University of Technology， 2000.
10	VANDERHORST M J. Human head neck response in frontal， lateral and rear end impact loading： modeling and validation［D］. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven， 2002.
11	FRECHEDE B， BERTHOLON N， SAILLANT G， et al. Finite element model of the human neck during omni-directional impacts. part II： relation between cervical curvature and risk of injury［J］. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering， 2006， 9（6）：379-386.
12	李凡，曹迎春，粟思橙，等. 后碰撞中乘员颈部肌肉有限元模型的建立与验证［J］. 湖南大学学报（自然科学版）， 2016， 43（8）：45-51.
	LI Fan， CAO Yingchun， SU Sicheng， et al. Development and verification of a neck muscle FE model for rear impact study［J］. Journal of Hunan University（Natural Sciences）， 2016， 43（8）：45-51.
13	YANG J K， XU W， XIAO Z， et al. A study on head injury biomechanics in car-to-pedestrian collisions using human body models［J］. Journal of Biomechanics， 2007， 40（2）： S87.
14	李凡，粟思橙，胡伟，等. 基于本构模型参数的肌肉主动力响应有限元分析［J］. 湖南大学学报（自然科学版）， 2014（10）：49-54.
	LI Fan， SU Sicheng， HU Wei， et al. Finite element analysis of active muscle response based on parameters of constitutive model［J］. Journal of Hunan University（Natural Sciences）， 2014（10）：49-54.
15	HILL A V. The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle［J］. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B-Biological Sciences， 1938， 126（843）： 136-195.
16	MYERS B S， VAN EE C A， CAMACHO D L A， et al. On the structural and material properties of mammalian skeletal muscle and its relevance to human cervical impact dynamics［J］.SAE Transactions， 1995：3095-3105.
17	MYERS B S， WOOLLEY C T， SLOTTER T L， et al. The influence of strain rate on the passive and stimulated engineering stress--large strain behavior of the rabbit tibialis anterior muscle［J］. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering， 1998， 120（1）：126.
18	鲁荣贵. 车辆后碰撞中乘员颅脑与颈部脊髓损伤研究［D］.长沙：湖南大学，2018.
	LU Ronggui. A study on occupant's brain and cervical spinal cord injury in rear-end vehicle collision［D］. Changsha：Hunan University， 2018.
19	ICHIHARA K， TAGUCHI T， SHIMADA Y， et al. Gray matter of the bovine cervical spinal cord is mechanically more rigid and fragile than the white matter［J］. Journal of Neurotrauma， 2001， 18（3）： 361-367.
20	KHUYAGBAATAR B， KIM K， KIM Y H. Effect of bone fragment impact velocity on biomechanical parameters related to spinal cord injury： a finite element study［J］. Journal of Biomechanics， 2014， 47（11）： 2820-2825.

激活曲线	颈部肌肉
激活曲线1	斜角肌、颈前肌、舌骨肌肉等
激活曲线2	多裂肌、颈半棘肌、横棘肌等
激活曲线3	胸锁乳突肌
激活曲线4	夹肌、菱形肌等
激活曲线5	斜方肌

行人步态	车速/（km·h^-1）	肌肉激活	肌肉未激活	仿真时间/ms
SLB	20	20B-A	20B-P	250
	30	30B-A	30B-P	180
	40	40B-A	40B-P	150
	50	50B-A	50B-P	120
SLF	20	20F-A	20F-P	250
	30	30F-A	30F-P	180
	40	40F-A	40F-P	150
	50	50F-A	50F-P	120