汽车工程

汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1229-1237.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.07.001

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面向长途重载货运的氢能交通交能融合方案

王聘玺1,2,李立国1,5,范伟3,杨福源1(),欧阳明高1,程毅4,刘丹5   

  1. 1.清华大学，汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084
    2.北京交通发展研究院，城市交通节能减排检测与评估北京市重点实验室，北京 100073
    3.交能融合科技发展（内蒙古）有限公司，呼和浩特 010050
    4.北京交研都市交通科技有限公司，北京 100044
    5.四川智锂智慧能源科技有限公司，宜宾 644000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨福源 E-mail:fyyang@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二十七届中国科协年会学术论文。鄂尔多斯碳中和协同创新专项“制氢加氢一体化站氢安全管理及先进站内制氢系统关键技术研究”(20222001397);能源基金会项目“京津冀零排放货运通道落地环境打造与支撑政策研究”(G-2310-35156)

A Hydrogen Energy Transportation and Energy Integration Solution for Long-Distance Heavy-Load Freight Transportation

Pinxi Wang1,2,Liguo Li1,5,Wei Fan3,Fuyuan Yang1(),Minggao Ouyang1,Yi Cheng4,Dan Liu5   

  1. 1.Tsinghua University，State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy，Beijing 100084
    2.Beijing Transport Institute，Beijing Key Laboratory of Transport Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction，Beijing 100073
    3.Innovation Center for Energy Transition Industry，Hohhot 010050
    4.Beijing Best Transport Tech Co. ，Ltd. ，Beijing 100044
    5.Sichuan Zhili Intelligent Energy Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Yibin 644000
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2025-05-06 Online:2025-07-25 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Fuyuan Yang E-mail:fyyang@tsinghua.edu.cn

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摘要：

全球气候变化和能源危机促使各国加快向低碳交通转型，其中长途重载货车运输因高能耗和高碳排放成为关键攻坚领域。目前国内开展了长途货运零排放转型的诸多实践，经初步验证氢能重载货车凭借高能量密度和零排放特性，被视为长途货运零碳转型的核心路径。然而，现有技术面临续航能力不足、跨区域能源协同不足及系统经济性差等瓶颈问题，导致氢能交通系统经济性与稳定性受限。本研究创新性提出“交能融合”解决方案，通过标准化能量电池包设计，整合氢燃料电池与电动换电系统，实现同一底盘兼容氢电两种能源类型，通过换氢换电一体化方案解决多种车用能源协同发展初期显现的灵活性、稳定性和兼容性不足的问题。分析表明，该方案有望将氢能重载货车单次续航提升至800 km以上，并通过“车电/氢分离”模式降低购置成本40%。结合综合能源补给站建设，氢能全生命周期成本可从40降至25元/kg以下，初步实现与长途重载柴油车的全生命周期平价。研究成果为长途重载货运场景提供一种经济性较强的技术解决方案，为全球零排放货运体系构建提供中国方案。

关键词: 氢燃料电池汽车, 长途重载货运, 能量包更换, 氢燃料电池系统, 动力电池包

Abstract:

Global climate change and energy crisis have prompted countries to accelerate their transition to low-carbon transportation， with long-distance heavy truck transportation becoming a key area due to high-energy consumption and carbon emission. At present， many practices have been carried out in China for zero emission transformation of long-distance freight transportation. Through preliminary verification， hydrogen powered heavy-duty trucks are regarded as the core path for zero carbon transformation of long-distance freight transportation due to their high energy density and zero emission characteristics. However， existing technologies face bottlenecks such as insufficient endurance， insufficient cross regional energy coordination， and poor system economy， which limit the economy and stability of hydrogen transportation systems. In this study a "hybrid energy" solution is innovatively proposed， which integrates hydrogen fuel cells and electric battery-swapping systems through standardized energy battery pack design， achieving compatibility between hydrogen and electric energy on the same chassis. The integrated battery-swapping solution solves the problems of insufficient flexibility， stability， and compatibility in the early stage of coordinated development of multiple vehicle energy sources. Analysis shows that this solution is expected to increase the single endurance of hydrogen powered heavy-duty trucks to over 800 km and reduce purchase cost by 40% through the "vehicle electric/hydrogen separation" mode. Combined with the construction of comprehensive energy supply stations， the full life-cycle cost of hydrogen energy can be reduced from 40 to below 25 CHY/kg， achieving initial parity with long-distance heavy-duty diesel vehicles throughout the life cycle. The research results provide a highly cost-effective technical solution for long-distance heavy-duty freight scenarios and offer a Chinese solution for the construction of a global zero emission freight system.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, long-distance heavy-duty freight, energy pack replacement, hydrogen fuel cell systems, power battery packs