某电动SUV后扰流板气动特性的研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汽车在高速行驶中的经济性和稳定性与汽车受到的空气阻力和升力直接相关。与传统燃油车相比,降低风阻对于电动汽车提升续航里程和降低能耗更加重要。本文中采用雷诺时均方法对某款纯电动SUV车型进行在120 km/h车速下整车外流场仿真分析,并将风阻系数和升力系数与等比例油泥模型风洞试验的结果进行了对比。采用常用的Realizable k-ε湍流模型对该SUV车型后扰流板进行仿真优化。研究了该SUV的后扰流板上表面不同倾斜角度对整车气动升力和阻力系数的影响;进一步,在最佳倾角的基础上,通过5种后扰流板通孔形式的对比分析,确定了最优状态的后扰流板。最终的验证试验结果表明,整车风阻系数降低3.9%,而升力系数的增加在可接受范围内。

关键词: 电动SUV, 后扰流板, 风阻, 升力, 仿真分析

Abstract: The fuel economy and stability of vehicle in high-speed driving is directly related to the aerodynamic drag and lift of the vehicle. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, reducing aerodynamic drag is much more important for electric vehicle in increasing driving mileage and lowering energy consumption. In this paper, Reynolds time-average scheme is adopted to conduct a vehicle external flow field simulation on a battery electric SUV at a speed of 120 km/h, with the results of drag and lift coefficients compared with that of the wind-tunnel test of clay model of the same scale. The common Realizable k-ε turbulent model is used to perform a simulation optimization on the rear spoiler of that SUV to study the effects of the different declined angles of the upper surface of spoiler on the drag and lift coefficients of vehicle. Furthermore, on the basis of best angle obtained, the optimal state of rear spoiler is determined by the comparatively analysis on five different types of through holes on spoiler. The results of final validation test show that the aerodynamic drag coefficient reduces by 3.9%, while aerodynamic lift coefficient increases, but in acceptable range

Key words: electric SUV, rear spoiler, aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic lift, simulation analysis

李现今, 李喆隆. 某电动SUV后扰流板气动特性的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(9): 1211-1215.

Li Xianjin, Li Zhelong. Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Rear Spoiler in an Electric SUV[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(9): 1211-1215.

参考文献

[1] 徐永康.汽车气动升力的试验与仿真研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.
XU Yongkang. Experiment and simulation research of vehicle aerodynamic lift[D].Changsha :Hunan University,2014.
[2] 宋昕,谷正气,何忆兵,等. 基于Ahmed模型的气动升力研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2010, 32(10): 846-850.
SONG Xin,GU Zhengqi,HE Yibing,et al. Research of lift force on an ahmed model [J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(10):846-850.
[3] 孟妍妮,戚宇欣. 后扰流板对轿车气动性能影响的数值模拟分析[J]. 车辆与动力技术, 2018(2): 51-55.
MENG Yanni,QI Yuxin.Numerical simulation of effect of rear spoiler on sedan aerodynamics characteristics[J].Vehicle & Power Technology,2018(2):51-55.
[4] 孙连伟. 基于CFD的后扰流板对汽车稳定性数值分析[J].汽车实用技术,2016(1):158-160.
SUN Lianwei.Numerical simulation of vehicle stability of rear spoiler on CFD[J]. Automotive Practical Technology,2016(1):158-160.
[5] 朱忠华,张雷,许志宝,等. 汽车后扰流板对外气动性能影响的研究[J].汽车技术,2017(5):19-23.
ZHU Zhonghua,ZHANG Lei,XU Zhibao, et al.Research on influence of rear spoiler on external aerodynamic performance[J].Automotive Technology,2017(5):19-23.
[6] 何浩然,孙庆友,陆飞龙.后扰流板对整车气动阻力的影响 [J].农业装备与车辆工程,2018,56(2):33-36.
HE Haoran,SUN Qingyou,LU Feilong.Influence of rear spoiler on vehicle aerodynamic drag[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering,2018,56(2):33-36.
[7] 王靖宇,胡兴军,李庆臣,等. 面包车尾部造型对其气动特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2011,41(3):618-622.
WANG Jingyu,HU Xingjun,LI Qingchen,et al. Influence of tail-end styling on aerodynamic characteristics of minibus[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2011,41(3):618-622.
[8] 杨易,徐永康,沈夏威,等. 基于气动升力的汽车底部流场改进 [J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(10):4064-4068.
YANG Yi,XU Yongkang,SHEN Xiawei, et al.Improved research of automobile underbody flow field based on aerodynamic lift[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(10):4064-4068.
[9] 郭军朝,史建鹏,陈赣,等. 某SUV车底气动附件的仿真与试验研究 [J].汽车工程,2016,38(4):511-514.
GUO Junchao,SHI Jianpeng,CHEN Gan, et al.Simulation and experimental study on the aerodynamic accessories on the underbody of a SUV[J].Automotive Engineering,2016,38(4):511-514.
[10] 黄泰明,谷正气,陈阵,等.车身俯仰运动对气动升力的影响 [J].中国公路学报,2017,30(1):150-158.
HUANG Taiming,GU Zhengqi,CHEN Zhen, et al.Influence of vehicle body in pitching motion on aerodynamic lift force[J].China Journal of Highway Transpottation,2017,30(1):150-158.
[11] 杨易,徐永康,聂云,等.非定常来流对汽车气动升力瞬态特性的影响 [J].中国机械工程,2015,25(12):1681-1686.
YANG Yi,XU Yongkang,NIE Yun, et al. Effects of unsteady stream on transient characteristics of automotive aerodynamic lift [J].China Mechanical Engineering,2015,25(12):1681-1686.
[12] 张勇,谷正气,刘水长,等.基于风洞试验与CFD 分析的汽车前后轴气动升力计算的研究 [J].汽车工程,2017,39(3):275-280.
ZHANG Yong, GU Zhengqi, LIU Changshui, et al. A research on vehicle aerodynamic lift calculation of front and rear axles on wind tunnel test and CFD analysis [J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(3):275-280.
[13] 阎超.计算流体力学方法及应用[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006.
YAN Chao.Computational fluid dynamic method and application[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2006.