缺陷单电池对车用燃料电池性能的影响研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.10.009

Abstract

Abstract:

The reliability and durability of the fuel cell system is significantly impacted by defective single cell in the stack. Defective single cell number is identified through the cell voltage monitoring. The steady-state and dynamic performance of defective single cell and its effect on stack consistency and system output are analyzed， based on experimental results for steady-state， step and cyclic conditions. The results reveal that the defective single cell is more sensitive to stack temperature， has slower dynamic response rate， larger voltage down-shoot and up-shoot amplitudes， and more drastic voltage fluctuations in cycling conditions than other normal cells. Defective single cell is an important factor affecting the consistency of the stack and the percentage of its voltage fluctuation rate increases with the magnitude and speed of the variable load. In addition， the maximum system output power reaches only 76.57 percent of the normal system when the lowest single cell voltage is below 0.5 V. It is expected that the study can provide reference for control strategies to fuel cell system with defective single cells.

Key words: defective single cell, fuel cell system, dynamic characteristics, consistency

Hui Zhou,Zhi’en Liu,Yongchao Li,Chihua Lu,Changqing Du. Study on the Impact of Defective Single Cell on the Performance of Vehicular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell[J].Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(10): 1876-1884.

Figures/Tables 19

References 27

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部件名称	参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
电堆	额定功率/峰值功率	120/145 kW	质子交换膜厚度	12 μm
	活性面积	304 cm²	双极板材料	316 L 不锈钢
	片数	320	绝缘阻值	20 MΩ
	双极板厚度	0.8 mm	初始测量内漏速率	50~80 SCCM @100 kPa（G） N₂
	Pt载量阴极/阳极	0.4/0.1 mg·cm^-2	初始测量外漏速率	0~3 SCCM @100 kPa （G） N₂
	允许单电池最低工作电压	0.45 V	流场类型/流道高度	波浪形/0.3 mm
空气压缩机	最高/最低稳定转速	117 000/30 000 r/min	额定功率/峰值功率	21/25 kW
空气压缩机	怠速至最高转速变载时间	≤1.5 s	最大增压比	3.7
引射器	比例阀PWM控制频率	200~1 500 Hz	最大引射量	800 L/min @Δp=45 kPa
氢气循环泵	最大气体循环量	1 000 L/min@Δp=0	额定功率	1 kW
水泵	流量	180~280 L/min	额定扬程	≥15 m
DC/DC	输入电流控制精度	±0.5%	输入电流动态响应	500 A/s
DC/DC	输入额定/峰值功率	150/165 kW	输出控制精度电流/电压	±5%

传感器名称	测量范围	测量精度
气体温度	-40~140 ℃	±2%
冷却液温度	-40~140 ℃	±1%Vcc
气体压力	0~350 kPa	±2%Vcc
燃料电池巡检单元	-3~3 V	0.5%+10 mV，分辨率1 mV

阶跃对比	对比过程下冲/上调电压差值/V
阶跃对比	Cell 1	Cell 2	Cell 3	Cell 4
1与5	0.028	0.016 00	0.004 0	0.005 0
2与4（平均）	0.008	0	0.005 5	0.006 5
7与6（平均）	0.007	0.002 75	0.002 5	0.004 0

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Study on the Impact of Defective Single Cell on the Performance of Vehicular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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