撞击强度与撞击位置对大鼠创伤性颅脑损伤后行为和病理影响的实验研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.014

Abstract

Abstract:

In traffic accidents， the results of head injuries resulting from frontal and side impact of vehicles vary significantly， primarily due to the differing impact locations. To investigate the specific effect of impact locations on brain injuries with various impact strengths， experiments are conducted on male rats， focusing on cranial vertex and temporal lobe impact. An experimental protocol is established based on the L₄ （2³） orthogonal table， including impact strength and impact location factors. Rats are injured using the BIM-IV rat head impact machine. The effect of impact factors and their levels on TBI is assessed systematically by behavioral performance and pathological findings of key brain regions in rats. The results show that impact strength is the primary factor influencing head injury， but the effect of impact location is not negligible. At the same impact strength， cranial vertex impact is more likely to cause coma， motor and memory deficits， and anxiety than temporal lobe impact. Furthermore， cranial vertex impact results in higher pathological injuries than the nonimpact side of temporal lobe impact， but lower than the impact side. The linear fitting between behavioral performance and pathological results reveals that post-injury behavioral performance in rats more closely aligns with the pathological outcomes on the less injured side of the brain. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the mechanisms of head injury， proposing appropriate injury evaluation guidelines， and establishing effective protection strategies.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, behavioral performance, pathological results, impact location, analysis of variance

Peng Wang,Xuewei Song,Jinlong Qiu,Xiyan Zhu,Nan Wang,Hui Zhao. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Impact Strength and Impact Location on the Behavior and Pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(5): 940-950.

Figures/Tables 15

组别	A（撞击位置）	B（撞击强度）	C（空列）	$y i$
1	1（颅顶）	1（0.3 MPa）	1	$y 1$
2	1（颅顶）	2（0.7 MPa）	2	$y 2$
3	2（颞叶）	1（0.3 MPa）	3	$y 3$
4	2（颞叶）	2（0.7 MPa）	4	$y 4$
$y ˉ j 1$	$y ˉ A 1 = y 1 + y 2 2$	$y ˉ B 1 = y 1 + y 3 2$	$y ˉ C 1 = y 1 + y 4 2$
$y ˉ j 2$	$y ˉ A 2 = y 3 + y 4 2$	$y ˉ B 2 = y 2 + y 4 2$	$y ˉ C 2 = y 2 + y 3 2$
$y ˉ$	$y ˉ = ∑ i = 1 4 y i 4$
$S j$	$S j = b a ∑ k = 1 b y j k 2 - 1 a ∑ i = 1 a y i 2$		$S = ∑ i = 1 a y i - y ˉ 2$
$S j$	$S e = S e 1 + S e 2$	$S e 1 = S - S A - S B$	$S e 2 = ∑ i = 1 a ∑ r = 1 T y i r - y ˉ i 2$
$f j$	$f j = b - 1$	$f = a - 1$	$f e 1 = f c$
$f j$	$f e 2 = a T - 1$	$f e = f e 1 + f e 2$
$β j$	$β j = (S j - f j × (S e / f e)) / S × 100 %$
$F j$	$F j = S j / f j S e / f e$
$α j$	$α j$ 是根据 $F j$ 的值查表F表获得
$C v$	$C v$ = $σ e ? / y ˉ$ ， $σ e ?$ = $S e / f e$

因素	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
指标	LRR		mNSS		EPM		MWM
$y ˉ j 1$	14.27	4.07	5.1	2.1	49.9	95	38.5	22.3
$y ˉ j 2$	7.15	17.35	2.6	5.6	79.7	34.6	26.57	42.7
$β j$	15.58%	63.79%	28.36%	58.81%	15.7%	76.53%	12.36%	57.44%
$α j$	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.25	0.05
C_v	28.51%		21.09%		20.45%		25.64%

指标		A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
指标		海马体		杏仁核		胼胝体		脑干
$y ˉ j 1$	左	26.8	12.5	41.6	21.4	39.1	22.7	23.2	8.5
$y ˉ j 1$	右	25.9	22.9	40.3	36.5	39.1	22.7	23.2	8.5
$y ˉ j 2$	左	19.6	33.9	32.8	53.0	23.3	39.8	12.5	27.2
$y ˉ j 2$	右	43.1	46.9	58.2	62.0	23.3	39.8	12.5	27.2
$β j$	左	3.7%	78.4%	2.0%	86.8%	35.2%	41.8%	17.5%	64.2%
$β j$	右	21.1%	57.1%	26.8%	59.8%	35.2%	41.8%	17.5%	64.2%
$α j$	左	0.1	0.01	0.25	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.01
$α j$	右	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.01
C_v	左	24.1%		20.2%		15.7%		27.4%
C_v	右	22.4%		15.7%		15.7%		27.4%

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撞击位置	撞击强度/MPa	LRR/min	mNSS/分	EPM/s	MWM/s
颅顶	0.3	4.7±0.5	2.8±0.8	80.6±6.6	25.9±3.1
颞叶	0.3	3.5±0.5	1.4±0.5	109.4±7.6	19.6±2.9
颅顶	0.7	23.9±1.9	7.5±0.9	19.2±4.2	52±5.2
颞叶	0.7	10.8±1.5	3.8±0.8	50±5.6	33.4±3.4

撞击位置		撞击强度/ MPa	海马体/ %	杏仁核/ %	胼胝体/ %	脑干/%
颅顶	左	0.3	13±4	27±7	17±5	10±2
颅顶	右		15±3	26±6	17±5	10±2
颞部	左		11±5	16±8	8±4	7±2
颞部	右		35±8	47±9	8±4	7±2
颅顶	左	0.7	43±7	56±8	41±6	36±6
颅顶	右		43±7	55±10	41±6	36±6
颞部	左		27±7	50±7	18±7	18±6
颞部	右		50±7	69±8	18±7	18±6

An Experimental Study of the Effect of Impact Strength and Impact Location on the Behavior and Pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

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References 38

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