Abstract:

Current crash protection research for pedestrians has been conducted primarily on adults， with no classification of adults and children. In this paper， a numerical simulation model of human-vehicle collision is established according to the relevant crash provisions of Euro-NCAP， and the simulation analysis shows that universal airbags cannot effectively reduce the head injuries of adults and children at the same time. Therefore， an airbag energy absorption device for adult and child classification protection is studied according to the characteristics of airbags and the physiological differences between adults and children， and an improved YOLOv5 pedestrian target detection model is proposed to realize the classified recognition of adults and children. According to the classification results， the vehicle control module dynamically adjusts the parameters of the airbag energy absorption device， so that the device can be deployed to different states for adults and children respectively， realizing the classification protection of pedestrians. The results show that the designed target detection model is able to achieve the classification and recognition of pedestrians， with an increase of 3.11% and 4.32% in terms of adult and child category detection accuracy， respectively， compared with the initial model. After installing the airbag energy absorption device， the HIC value of the adult head can be reduced by a maximum of 63.4% and the peak acceleration can be reduced by a maximum of 61.7%， while the HIC value of the child head can be reduced by 31.4% and the peak acceleration can be reduced by 53.2%. The thesis research results can provide scientific theoretical support for the design of pedestrian active and passive safety protection devices.

Key words: collision, head injury, airbag energy absorption device, classification protection