轮胎力学特性仿真高精度有限元建模方法研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高轮胎有限元仿真精度和更好满足高精度虚拟送样要求，提出一种轮胎逆向剖析方法；首先通过3D扫描获得轮胎断面，然后对轮胎进行断面切割，获取一段具有一定厚度的轮胎断面，并将其摆放在3D扫描结果的打印图纸上，使两者的断面轮廓很好贴合，再次扫描得到轮胎材料分布图。接着利用所获得的实际轮廓和从轮胎生产厂家取得的设计轮廓，通过绕轮心旋转获得3D有限元模型，进行静态工况的有限元仿真和实物轮胎试验；最后仿真对比了不同胎压下设计轮廓和实际轮廓的静态力学特性。结果表明：实际轮廓轮胎的径向刚度、侧向刚度和纵向刚度仿真精度分别达到99.2%、97.9%和98.2%，比设计轮廓分别提升了4.3、4.6和7.4百分点，但两种轮廓轮胎的扭转刚度差异很小；不同胎压下设计轮廓的轮胎各向刚度均大于实际轮廓，且两种轮廓轮胎的各向刚度皆随胎压的升高而增大。

关键词: 轮胎力学特性, 有限元仿真, 轮胎轮廓

Abstract:

In order to enhance the tire finite element simulation accuracy and better meet the requirements of high-precision virtual sample delivery， a tire reverse analysis method is proposed. First， the section profile is acquired by 3D scanning of a real tire， which is then cut along radial direction to obtain a piece of tire section with certain thickness. Next， the thin tire section is put onto the print paper of tire section profile obtained by 3D scanning and make both section profile well coincide， which is then scanned to get a section picture of tire material layout as real profile， with which and designed profile acquired from tire manufacturer， two 3D tire model is generated by rotating section profile around tire center. Then both real tire test and finite element simulation on both tire models with real and designed profiles respectively are carried out under static condition. Finally， a comparative simulation on the static mechanics characteristics of tires with real and designed profiles under different tire pressures is conducted. The results show that the simulation accuracies of radial， lateral and longitudinal stiffness of tire with real profile reach 99.2%， 97.9% and 98.2%， i.e. 4.3， 4.6 and 7.4 percentage points higher than that of designed profile respectively， but the torsional stiffness of tires with two different profiles has little difference. Under all different tire pressures， the stiffness of tire with designed profile in all different directions always higher than that of real profile and they all increase with the rise of tire pressure.

Key words: tire mechanical properties, finite element simulation, tire profile

卢荡,杨文豪,吴海东,陈南施,成健,张振伟. 轮胎力学特性仿真高精度有限元建模方法研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2022, 44(10): 1556-1562.

Dang Lu,Wenhao Yang,Haidong Wu,Nanshi Chen,Jian Cheng,Zhenwei Zhang. Research on High-Accuracy Finite Element Modeling Method for Tire Mechanics Characteristics Simulation[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(10): 1556-1562.

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项目	仿真/（N·mm^-1）	试验/（N·mm^-1）	精度/%
设计轮廓	252.5	240.2	94.9
实际轮廓	238.3	240.2	99.2

项目	仿真/（N·mm^-1）	试验/（N·mm^-1）	精度/%
设计轮廓	102.2	95.8	93.3
实际轮廓	97.8	95.8	97.9

项目	仿真/（N·mm^-1）	试验/（N·mm^-1）	精度/%
设计轮廓	186.7	170.9	90.7
实际轮廓	173.9	170.9	98.2

项目	仿真/（N·rad^-1）	试验/（N·rad^-1）	精度/%
设计轮廓	60.5	58.2	96.1
实际轮廓	60.7	58.2	95.7

胎压	0.21 MPa	0.25 MPa	0.35 MPa
设计轮廓	199.0	225.4	296.4
实际轮廓	186.0	213.1	274.2