汽车工程 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 598-608.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.04.008

所属专题: 新能源汽车技术-动力电池&燃料电池2023年

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考虑配电网负荷的电动汽车分布式充电控制

吴忠强(),张长兴   

  1. 燕山大学电气工程学院,秦皇岛  066000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 修回日期:2022-11-12 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-19
  • 通讯作者: 吴忠强 E-mail:mewzq@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金(F2020203014)

Distributed Charging Control of Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Grid Load

Zhongqiang Wu(),Changxing Zhang   

  1. Electrical Engineering College,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao  066000
  • Received:2022-09-26 Revised:2022-11-12 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-19
  • Contact: Zhongqiang Wu E-mail:mewzq@163.com

摘要:

针对大规模插电式电动汽车接入对配电网安全运行造成威胁的问题,提出一种考虑配电网负荷的电动汽车分布式一致性最优充电方案。该方案采用双层优化结构:上层以减少配电网负荷波动与满足充电站功率需求为目标建立数学模型,采用粒子群优化算法求解各时段电网分配给充电站的功率;下层在充电站功率供不应求的情况下,以最大化整体用户的利益和减少充电电流波动为目标建立数学模型。提出一种基于多智能体的分布式充电协议求解电动汽车的最优充电功率。该协议是分布式的、可实现电动汽车的即插即用,且具有很好的鲁棒性和扩展性。该方案既保障了配电网的安全运行又提高了整体用户的满意度。仿真验证了方案可行性。

关键词: 多智能体系统, 有序充电, 分布式控制, 即插即用, 插电式电动汽车

Abstract:

To address the problem that large-scale plug-in electric vehicle access poses a threat to the safe operation of the distribution grid, a distributed consistent optimal charging management scheme for electric vehicles considering the load of the distribution grid is proposed. The scheme adopts a two-tier optimization structure. The upper layer establishes a mathematical model with the objectives of reducing the distribution grid load fluctuation and satisfying the power demand of charging stations, and uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the power allocated by the grid to charging stations in each time period. The lower layer establishes a mathematical model with the objectives of maximizing the overall user benefit and reducing the charging current fluctuation in the case of short supply of power of charging stations. A distributed charging protocol based on multi-agent is proposed to solve for the optimal charging power of electric vehicles. The protocol is distributed, plug-and-play for electric vehicles, and has good robustness and scalability. The scheme ensures the safe operation of the distribution network and improves the overall customer satisfaction. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation.

Key words: multi-agent system, orderly charging, distributed control, plug-and-play, plug-in electric vehicle