汽车座椅振动舒适性主客观测试及关联性分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.08.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

汽车座椅的振动特性直接影响乘坐舒适性。为综合评估座椅的振动舒适性，本文对座椅客观舒适性与乘员主观舒适性之间的关联性进行研究和分析。首先，进行不同激励幅值下的垂向振动试验，测量从座椅地板到与人体接触面的振动传递来表征人-椅耦合系统的动态性能。然后，设计相对幅值估计法用于主观评价，并进行主客观关联性分析。最后，提出一种能够表征座椅隔振性能的参数。结果表明：（1）随着振动量级的增大，人-椅耦合系统的共振频率会向低频移动，垂直同轴与交叉轴振动传递在第1阶共振频率处具有较强的关联性；（2）主客观测试关联性较好（拟合精度为99.05%），验证了相对幅值估计法的有效性；（3）提出的座椅隔振性能参数与主观评价一致性较好，可为汽车座椅振动舒适性的优化改进提供理论依据。

关键词: 振动特性, 人-椅耦合系统, 座椅传递率, 主客观测试, 隔振性能, 预测模型

Abstract:

The vibration characteristic of automobile seat directly affects the ride comfort. In order to comprehensively evaluate the vibration comfort of the seat， the correlation between the objective comfort of the seat and the subjective comfort of the occupant is studied and analyzed in this paper. Firstly， the automobile seat is tested under different excitation amplitudes in the vertical direction. The transmission of vibration from the floor to the human body interface is measured to characterize the dynamic performance of the Seat-occupant Coupling System （SoCS）. Then， the relative amplitude estimation method is designed for subjective evaluation， and the subjective-objective correlation analysis is carried out. Finally， a parameter characterizing the vibration isolation performance of the seat is proposed. The results indicate that：（1） The resonance frequency of SoCS becomes lower when the vibration magnitude increases. In addition， the vertical in line FRF and cross axis FRF have strong correlation at the first resonance frequency；（2） The correlation between the subjective evaluation and the objective test is pretty good （the fitting accuracy is 99.05%）， which verifies the effectiveness of the amplitude estimation method；（3） The proposed seat vibration isolation performance parameter is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation， which can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of the vibration comfort of the automobile seat.

Key words: vibration characteristic, seat?occupant coupling system, seat transmissibility, subjective and objective test, vibration isolation performance, prediction model

陈良松,宋俊,邱毅,王遵铭. 汽车座椅振动舒适性主客观测试及关联性分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(8): 1263-1269.

Liangsong Chen,Jun Song,Yi Qiu,Zunming Wang. Subjective⁃Objective Test and Correlation Analysis of Automobile Seat Vibration Comfort[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(8): 1263-1269.

图/表 13

表1

图 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

表2

图 5

图 6

图 7

图 8

表3

主客观关联性拟合系数"

拟合系数	$l g$ （K）	n	R²/%
数值	2.41	1.12	99.05

表3

图 9

表4

座椅隔振性能参数与主观感受拟合系数"

拟合系数	$l g$ 10 （K）	n	R²/%
$Q 1$	1.20	-15.67	82.34
$Q 2$	2.81	-11.92	74.41
$Q 3$	7.91	-14.13	82.73
$Q 4$	2.56	-13.31	84.20

表4

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显著性	幅值配对
显著性	0.2-0.4	0.4-0.6	0.6-0.8	0.8-1.0	1.0-1.2
p₁	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
p₂	0.020	0.011	0.012	0.004	0.005

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