预燃室射流角对氨氢发动机燃烧性能影响的研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨、氢在发动机上的应用被认为是实现碳中和的一种有效手段。本文基于一台排量2.2 L，且配置主动预燃室喷氢的液氨直喷发动机，采用数值模拟方法分析了不同氢气射流涡旋角度和预燃室喷孔涡旋角度对预燃室内涡流形成机制及对燃烧性能的影响。结果表明：氢气射流涡旋设计能够在喷氢过程中预燃室内形成非常强烈的涡流，有利于提高预燃室内混合气浓度和掺氢比，指示热效率可由50.82%提升至50.90%；预燃室喷孔涡旋设计虽能将点火时刻预燃室内湍动能提高35%以上，但其降低了火焰射流速度，使得指示热效率由50.82%降低至50.17%；通过对两种涡旋角度的优化实现最高热效率50.9%。

关键词: 液氨直喷, 主动预燃室, 氢气射流涡旋角度, 预燃室喷孔涡旋角度

Abstract:

The application of ammonia and hydrogen in internal combustion engines is recognized as an effective approach to achieve carbon neutrality. In this paper the effect of hydrogen jet swirl angles and pre-chamber injection hole swirl angles on vortex formation mechanism and combustion performance is studied based on a 2.2L displacement liquid ammonia direct injection engine equipped with active pre-chamber hydrogen injection， employing numerical simulation methods. The results show that the hydrogen jet swirl design generates intense swirl within the pre-chamber during injection， enhancing mixture homogeneity and hydrogen blending ratio， with the indicated thermal efficiency （ITE） increasing from 50.82% to 50.90%. Although the pre-chamber orifice swirl configuration increases turbulent kinetic energy by over 35% at ignition timing， it reduces flame jet velocity， consequently decreasing the ITE from 50.82% to 50.17%. Through optimization of both swirl angles， the maximum ITE of 50.9% is achieved.

Key words: liquid ammonia direct injection, active pre-chamber, hydrogen jet swirl angles, pre-chamber orifice swirl angles

张孚,陈海娥,李骏,胡昱,胡星星,赖钧明. 预燃室射流角对氨氢发动机燃烧性能影响的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2025, 47(7): 1325-1334.

Fu Zhang,Haie Chen,Jun Li,Yu Hu,Xingxing Hu,Junming Lai. Study on the Influence of Pre-chamber Jet Angles on the Combustion Performance of Ammonia-Hydrogen Engines[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(7): 1325-1334.

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参数	数值
单缸排量/L	2.2
压缩比	18∶1
缸径/mm	130
行程/mm	166
进气门开启角度/（°）CA ATDC	-377
进气门关闭角度/（°）CA ATDC	-196
转速/（r·min^-1）	1 000

参数	设置值
进气压力	0.12 MPa
进气温度	338 K
液氨喷射压力	30 MPa
液氨喷射时刻	-340°CA ATDC
氢喷射压力	1.5 MPa
氢喷射时刻	-76°CA ATDC
氢气能量占比	5.8%

模型		名称
燃烧模型		SAGE^{［13，25］}
湍流模型		RNG k-ε^{［13，25］}
传热模型		Han and Reitz^{［13，25］}
喷雾模型	破碎模型	KH-RT^［25-26］
	湍流扩散模型	O'Rourke^［25-26］
	液滴蒸发模型	Frossling^［25-26］
	碰撞模型	NTC^［25-26］