汽车工程

汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1803-1813.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.09.016

• • 上一篇    

基于多相流模型的油冷电机内部流动及散热特性研究

朱益琛,孙宇薇,刘思华,晏江昊宇,翟丽,张敏弟()   

  1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 修回日期:2025-04-13 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 张敏弟 E-mail:zhangmindi@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2502702)

Study on Internal Flow and Heat Dissipation Characteristics of Oil-Cooled Electric Motors Based on Multiphase Flow Model

Yichen Zhu,Yuwei Sun,Sihua Liu,Jianghaoyu Yan,Li Zhai,Mindi Zhang()   

  1. College of Mechanics and Vehicles，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-11-20 Revised:2025-04-13 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-19
  • Contact: Mindi Zhang E-mail:zhangmindi@bit.edu.cn

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摘要：

油冷电机因其设计紧凑、冷却性能好，近几年来备受关注。为了提高电机散热效果，本文基于VOF多相流模型，针对两种采用不同方式油冷的永磁同步电机进行数值模拟研究。首先，通过将额定工况下两种电机仿真结果与实验结果相对比，可知最高温度相对误差均小于5%，证明了数值方法准确、可靠。进而，开展了额定工况下电机冷却系统内部油液流动与冷却散热特性研究。研究表明：电机Ⅰ绕组和定子的最高温度分别为98 、93.8 ℃，温度不均匀度分别为4.28%、5.48%；电机Ⅱ绕组和定子的最高温度分别为93.0、92.5 ℃，温度不均匀度分别为3.62%、5.08%，同时发现转子甩油冷却方式虽然可以使油液分布更均匀，提高冷却油的冷却效率，但会增加电机冷却系统的启动时间。这些研究为后续高效高可靠油冷散热系统的优化设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 电动汽车, 永磁驱动电机, 数值计算, 油冷法

Abstract:

Oil cooled motor has attracted much attention in recent years because of its compact design and good cooling performance. In order to improve the heat dissipation effect of the motor， in this paper the multiphase flow model based on VOF is used to conduct numerical simulation research on two kinds of oil-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motors. Firstly， by comparing the simulation results of the two motors with the experimental results under the rated working conditions， it can be seen that the maximum temperature relative error is less than 5%， which proves that the numerical method is accurate and reliable. Then， the research on the internal oil flow and cooling heat dissipation characteristics of the motor cooling system is carried out under rated working conditions. The results show that the highest temperature of the winding and stator of motor I is 98 and 93.8 ℃ respectively， with the temperature non-uniformity of 4.28% and 5.48% respectively. The highest temperature of the winding and stator of the motor II is 93.0， 92.5 ℃， with the temperature non-uniformity of 3.62% and 5.08%， respectively. At the same time， it is found that although the rotor oil dumping cooling method can make the oil distribution more uniform and improve the cooling efficiency of the cooling oil， it will increase the starting time of the motor cooling system. The study provides theoretical basis for subsequent optimization design of efficient and reliable oil-cooled cooling system.

Key words: electric vehicle, permanent magnet drive motor, numerical calculation, oil cooling method