汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 2027-2036.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.10.018

• • 上一篇    

特种车辆乘员舱分布式送风对人体热舒适改善效果的仿真研究

周吉安1,凌亮2,焦婷婷2,纪文杰1(),杜巍1   

  1. 1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京 100081
    2.中国北方车辆研究所,北京 100072
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 纪文杰 E-mail:jiwenjie@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    校企合作项目(AF20230507)

Study on Improvement of Human Thermal Comfort by Distributed Air Supply in Special-Purpose Vehicle Occupant Compartments by Simulation

Ji’an Zhou1,Liang Ling2,Tingting Jiao2,Wenjie Ji1(),Wei Du1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081
    2.China North Vehicle Research Institute,Beijing 100072
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-04-28 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-10-20
  • Contact: Wenjie Ji E-mail:jiwenjie@bit.edu.cn

摘要:

承担特殊作业任务的特种车辆乘员舱普遍存在热环境分布不均匀问题。为进一步改善乘员舱的热环境,提升人体舒适性与工效,本文针对某特种车辆舱室建立CFD模型,通过简化环境试验舱降温试验验证CFD模型合理性;以乘员平均体表温度、头足温差以及平均PMV(predicted mean vote)作为热舒适指标,对单送、三送、五送单回风口3种分布式送风方案在制冷模式下进行仿真分析。研究发现,在每个乘员头顶上方100 mm设置个性化送风口的五送单回风口结构,可以有效提高制冷效果,使乘员平均体表温度最大温差下降2.9 ℃,增强乘员舱温度均匀性,头足温差减小0.3 ℃,同时改善乘员舱的热舒适性,PMV降低1.9。本研究成果可为后续特种车辆乘员舱送、回风口优化提供参考,能够指导健康舒适的高品质乘员舱环境设计与营造。

关键词: 特种车辆, 乘员舱, 人体热舒适, CFD模型, 分布式送风

Abstract:

Occupant compartments of special-purpose vehicles undertaking specialized missions frequently face challenges of uneven thermal distribution. To optimize the thermal environment while enhancing human thermal comfort and operational efficiency, in this study a CFD model for a special-purpose vehicle cabin is established. The validity of the CFD model is verified through simplified cooling tests in an environmental chamber. Three human thermal comfort metrics, average occupant skin temperature, head-to-foot temperature difference, and average PMV (predicted mean vote), are employed as evaluation criteria. Simulation is conducted on three distributed air supply configurations with a single return vent under cooling mode: single-supply/single-return, triple-supply/single-return, and quintuple-supply/single-return. The results show that the quintuple-supply/single-return configuration with personalized air supply vents positioned 100 mm above each occupant’s head significantly enhances cooling effectiveness, reducing the maximum temperature difference in average skin temperature by 2.9 ℃, improving temperature uniformity within the occupant compartment (with head-to-foot temperature difference decreased by 0.3 ℃), and markedly improving human thermal comfort (with PMV reduced by 1.9). The findings provide critical insights for optimizing air supply/return systems in special-purpose vehicle occupant compartments, supporting the design of healthy and comfortable high-quality cabin environment.

Key words: special-purpose vehicles, occupant compartment, human thermal comfort, CFD model, distributed air supply