汽车乘员舱热舒适性影响因素多参数优化分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前纯电动汽车续航里程受环境影响程度较大。本文以SUV车型为研究对象，利用计算流体力学软件搭建了乘员舱的数学模型，耦合了人体热生理模型，将Berkely热舒适性评价模型用于乘员舱内人体热舒适性的评测。针对高温工况分别就送风温度、送风速度和送风湿度对乘员舱内部热环境、空调的总负荷以及人体热舒适性的影响程度进行了研究。结果表明，在送风风速由低到高改变的过程中，乘员的整体热舒适性会先上升，后下降，且能耗也随之升高。且在较低送风风速条件下，送风温度的变化对整体热舒适影响有限。送风湿度对热舒适的影响程度要弱于送风温度和送风风速。同时本文将送风风温、送风相对湿度、送风风速作为自变量，把乘员的整体热感觉、整体热舒适指标乃至空调系统总负荷当作研究对象，拟合出它们之间关系的回归方程。利用多参数优化分析的方式，不同送风参数对热舒适性和空调负荷的影响进行耦合分析。把乘员的整体热舒适指标的目标值设置成0，把空调系统热负荷降目标值设置成最小值，并且使乘员的整体热舒适指标与空调系统负荷二者的权重均设置成1，求取最佳方案，实现在提高热舒适性的同时减小空调系统热负荷的目的。

关键词: 乘员舱, 热舒适性, 热负荷, 多参数优化

Abstract:

At present， the cruising range of pure electric vehicles is greatly affected by the environment. In this paper， taking SUV models as the research object， the mathematical model of the passenger compartment is constructed by computational fluid dynamics software. Coupling with the human thermophysiological model， the Berkely thermal comfort evaluation model is used to evaluate the human thermal comfort in the passenger compartment. For the high temperature working conditions， the influence of air supply temperature， air supply speed and air humidity on the thermal environment of the passenger compartment， the total load of air conditioning and the thermal comfort of human body is studied. The results show that when the supply air speed changes from low to high， the overall thermal comfort of the occupants will first increase， then decrease， and the energy consumption will also increase. Moreover， under the condition of low supply air speed， the change of supply air temperature has limited effect on the overall thermal comfort. The influence of supply air humidity on thermal comfort is weaker than that of supply air temperature and supply air speed. At the same time， in this paper， by taking the supply air temperature， relative humidity of the supply air and supply air speed as the independent variables， and taking the overall thermal sensation， overall thermal comfort index and even the total load of the air conditioning system as the research objects， the regression equation of the relationship between them is constructed. Using the multi-parameter optimization analysis， the influence of different air supply parameters on thermal comfort and air conditioning load is coupled to analyze. The target value of the overall thermal comfort index of the occupants is set to 0， the target value of the heat load reduction of the air conditioning system is set to the minimum value， and the weight of the overall thermal comfort index of the occupants and the load of the air conditioning system are set to 1， so as to find the best solution to achieve the purpose of improving thermal comfort and reducing the heat load of the air conditioning system.

Key words: passenger compartment, thermal comfort, thermal load, multi-parameter optimization

王国华,桑国辉,张英朝,徐金诚. 汽车乘员舱热舒适性影响因素多参数优化分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(11): 2023-2033.

Guohua Wang,Guohui Sang,Yingchao Zhang,Jincheng Xu. Multi-parameter Optimization Analysis of Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort in Automobile Passenger Compartment[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(11): 2023-2033.

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服装名称	热阻/（K·W^-1）	蒸发阻值/ （m²·Pa·W^-1）	服装面积因子
衬衣	0.125	0.011 9	1.235
长裤	0.129	0.015 1	1.444
内裤	0.089	0.007 9	1.083
鞋	0.075	0.041 7	1.077

序号	送风温度/℃	送风风速/ （m·s^-1）	整体热舒适	空调系统热负荷/W
方案1	5	8	-2.089	4 879.61
方案2	10	13	-3.002	4 998.34
方案3	5	13	-3.815	5 312.11
最优解	15	10.507	0.563	4 563.97

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[2]	陈吉清, 郑习娇, 兰凤崇, 彭睿. 基于人体热调节模型的乘员舱热舒适性分析^*[J]. 汽车工程, 2019, 41(6): 723-730.
[3]	周胜,付海明. 乘员表面温度分布和乘员舱热舒适性的模拟[J]. 汽车工程, 2018, 40(7): 826-.
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