锂电池热管-液冷板式冷却结构多目标优化

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.11.006

Abstract

Abstract:

To meet the temperature consistency requirements of lithium batteries after packaging， this paper proposes a composite cooling structure based on heat pipe （HP） and liquid cooling plate （CP）. Using numerical simulation to compare the cooling performance of two different channels （Channel I and Channel II） in the CPs， the results show that Channel II has better cooling performance. Then， four structural factors that exert substantial influence on the cooling performance of Channel II are selected as design variables by the orthogonal experiment method， and the battery module temperature difference and coolant pressure drop are set as the objective functions. The Kriging surrogate model between the design variables and the objective functions is established， and the NSGA-II genetic algorithm is used for the optimization. Compared to the initial structure， the optimized Channel II results in a 10.52% reduction and a 50.14% reduction in temperature difference and coolant pressure drop， respectively， with only a 0.68% increase in maximum temperature. The methods and conclusions of this paper can provide a reference for the design and optimization of lithium battery cooling structure based on HP-CP.

Key words: lithium battery, heat pipe, liquid cooling plate, orthogonal design, multi-objective optimization

Zhiyong Duan,Jing Ma. Multi-objective Optimization of Lithium Battery Composite Cooling Structure Based on Heat Pipes and Liquid Cooling Plate[J].Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(11): 2047-2057.

Figures/Tables 22

References 23

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范围	设计变量取值
范围	A	B	C	D	E	F
下限	1	4	-35	0	106	26
初值	4	12	0	0	166	38
上限	5	12	35	12	166	38

水平	因素
水平	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	1	4	-35	0	106	26
2	3	8	0	6	136	32
3	5	12	35	12	166	38

试验编号	试验因素						试验指标
试验编号	A	B	C	D	E	F	T_max/℃	?T/℃	?p/Pa
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	36.57	4.33	6 543.05
2	1	1	1	1	2	2	36.48	4.51	6 998.52
3	1	1	1	1	3	3	36.48	4.70	7 345.48
4	1	2	2	2	1	1	36.54	4.40	2 166.20
5	1	2	2	2	2	2	36.47	4.54	2 291.40
6	1	2	2	2	3	3	36.42	4.66	2 417.41
7	1	3	3	3	1	1	36.69	4.20	1 096.05
8	1	3	3	3	2	2	36.60	4.38	1 191.02
9	1	3	3	3	3	3	36.53	4.51	1 269.84
10	2	1	2	3	1	2	36.71	4.06	2 107.86
11	2	1	2	3	2	3	36.68	4.13	2 233.74
12	2	1	2	3	3	1	36.61	4.26	2 382.12
13	2	2	3	1	1	2	36.76	3.98	643.32
14	2	2	3	1	2	3	36.71	4.10	670.19
15	2	2	3	1	3	1	36.64	4.21	738.21
16	2	3	1	2	1	2	36.67	4.15	323.16
17	2	3	1	2	2	3	36.59	4.31	347.04
18	2	3	1	2	3	1	36.52	4.45	384.61
19	3	1	3	2	1	3	36.85	3.80	1 135.38
20	3	1	3	2	2	1	36.81	3.87	1 214.99
21	3	1	3	2	3	2	36.74	3.97	1 279.81
22	3	2	1	3	1	3	36.77	3.94	293.24
23	3	2	1	3	2	1	36.71	4.05	318.12
24	3	2	1	3	3	2	36.63	4.18	337.54
25	3	3	2	1	1	3	36.75	3.99	157.51
26	3	3	2	1	2	1	36.68	4.11	173.82
27	3	3	2	1	3	2	36.62	4.24	183.92

因素		A	B	C	D	E	F
?T	k_i₁	4.469	4.093	4.291	4.226	4.188	4.208
	k_i₂	4.183	4.221	4.265	4.216	4.231	4.222
	k_i₃	4.015	4.353	4.111	4.179	4.241	4.237
	R_i	0.454	0.26	0.18	0.082	0.053	0.029
?p	k_i₁	3 479.9	569.7	2 543.4	1 247.7	1 607.3	1 668.6
	k_i₂	1 092.2	3 471.2	1 568.2	2 606.0	1 715.4	1 706.3
	k_i₃	566	1 097.3	1 026.5	1 284.4	1 815.4	1 763.3
	R_i	2 913.8	2 901.6	1 516.9	1 358.3	208.1	94.7

样本序号	设计变量/mm				目标函数
样本序号	A	B	C	D	?T/℃	?p /Pa
1	3.2	4.6	-1.75	1.5	4.00	1 577.11
2	4.8	7.2	17.5	1.8	4.08	337.97
3	2.8	10	-33.25	1.2	4.23	624.13
4	3.5	6	35	9	3.79	725.85
5	4.4	11.6	3.5	8.4	4.21	170.46
6	2.1	9.2	33.25	8.1	4.17	1 444.79
7	2.5	4.2	8.75	7.5	3.98	3 272.74
8	4.2	8	-5.25	6.6	4.23	3 636.63
9	2	6.6	15.75	11.7	4.26	2 755.57
10	3.7	8.4	-7	0.6	4.23	442.08
11	4.7	11	7	2.7	4.19	166.50
12	4.6	10.2	-26.25	3.9	4.19	196.32
13	2.7	12	21	4.5	4.23	522.04
14	4.5	4.4	14	6	4.05	930.90
15	1.7	4.8	-19.25	4.8	4.35	6 671.46
16	2.2	11.8	10.5	10.2	4.39	924.27
17	1.8	10.8	-3.5	0.9	4.48	1 791.17
18	4.3	6.8	-29.75	10.5	4.16	441.83
19	1.3	5.8	31.5	6.9	4.16	8 178.04
20	2.9	8.6	-8.75	11.1	4.17	688.61
21	4.9	5.6	-14	3	4.14	508.92
22	1.9	7	-15.75	0	4.4	3 085.39
23	2.4	7.8	0	5.1	4.26	1 398.59
24	1.2	9	-24.5	4.2	4.5	6 178.49
25	4	9.4	29.75	5.7	4.06	296.50
26	3	11.4	-12.25	5.4	4.26	421.75
27	1.6	11.2	-22.75	9.3	4.44	1 756.09
28	5	7.6	19.25	9.6	4.06	260.97
29	3.8	4	-17.5	7.2	4.16	1 538.45
30	3.6	9.8	22.75	12	4.03	316.24
31	3.1	6.2	28	3.6	3.87	966.01
32	2.6	8.2	-35	7.8	4.15	962.95
33	3.9	5.4	1.75	11.4	4.18	823.29
34	1.4	5.2	12.25	2.1	4.3	804.44
35	2.3	5	-21	10.8	4.15	2 981.50
36	1.5	8.8	26.25	2.4	4.16	2 873.72
37	1.1	7.4	-10.5	8.7	4.46	1 055.29
38	1	10.4	5.25	6.3	4.63	9 370.14
39	3.4	6.4	-31.5	3.3	3.99	723.48
40	4.1	10.6	-28	9.9	4.19	225.82
41	3.3	9.6	24.5	0.3	4.07	426.63

Multi-objective Optimization of Lithium Battery Composite Cooling Structure Based on Heat Pipes and Liquid Cooling Plate

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类别	T_max/℃	?T/℃	? p/Pa
初始结构	36.550	4.401	218.736
优化结构	36.798	3.938	109.061
改善率	-0.679%	10.520%	50.140%

流道类型	T_max /℃	?T /℃	? p /Pa
流道II	36.80	3.94	109.06
直线流道	37.45	4.11	76.87
S形流道	37.26	3.98	2 131.59

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类别	?T/℃	? p/Pa
NSGA-II	4.017	111.592
CFD	3.938	109.061
误差	1.967%	2.321%