基于12岁儿童损伤阈值的主动式安全气囊多目标优化

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper aims to conduct a multi?objective optimization on the active safety airbag of a school bus for enhancing its protective effects on 12?year?old children. Firstly， the injury thresholds of 12?year?old children are determined and a coupling model of the school bus and the active airbag is built. Then， the original waveform measured in a sled test is simplified to simulate four collision conditions. Finally， based on response surface surrogate model and using modified NSGA?II algorithm， a multi?objective optimization on active airbag is conducted， with the installation position， the open pressure and the opening of air vent valve， as well as the middle strap length of the active airbag selected as the optimization parameters， and the weighted injury criterion for 12?year?old children （WICC） as the optimization objective. The results show that the optimization on the active airbag achieves significant effects under four collision conditions of school bus. For the condition with the highest collision speed， the head injury criterion HIC₁₅， the neck injury criterion N_ij， the thorax resultant acceleration T_3ms， the chest deflection THPC and WICC reduce by 28.58%，14.79%，10.02%，10.26% and 18.08% respectively.

Key words: collision conditions, children injury threshold, active safety airbag, multi?objective optimization, protective effect

Liang Hong,Gang Liu,Ruhai Ge. Multi⁃objective Optimization of Active Safety Airbag Based on the Injury Thresholds of 12⁃year⁃old Children[J].Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(6): 861-869.

Figures/Tables 17

损伤指标	第50百分位成年男性损伤阈值	比例缩放系数	12岁儿童损伤阈值
头部伤害指标HIC₁₅	700	$(K E) 2 / (K L, ? H e a d) 1.5$	779.2
胸部3 ms合成加速度T_3ms/g	60	$K E / K L, ? M a s s$	69.6
胸部压缩量THPC/mm	63	$K L, ? D e p t h$	51.5
上颈部伸张弯矩 M_int/（N·m）	135	$K E K L, ? N e c k 3$	67.6
上颈部轴向力F_int/N	6 806	$K E K L, ? N e c k 2$	4 290.7
左大腿力F_l/N	10 000	$K E K L, ? F e m u r 2$	6 820
右大腿力F_r/N	10 000	$K E K L, ? F e m u r 2$	6 820

References 23

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损伤指标	原始波形	简化波形	误差
头部合成加速度/g	135.15	134.48	0.50%
HIC₁₅	275.79	273.59	0.80%
N_ij	1.114 1	1.071 2	3.85%
T_3ms/g	19.18	18.52	3.44%
F_l/N	940	954	1.49%
F_r/N	2 094	2 154	-2.87%

序号	工况1				工况2
序号	x₁/m	x₂/Pa	x₃	x₄/ m	x₁/ m	x₂/Pa	x₃	x₄/ m
1	0.389 8	1.3090×10⁵	1.876	0.270 3	0.378 6	1.2469×10⁵	1.462	0.293 1
2	0.378 6	1.3028×10⁵	1.379	0.317 9	0.369 7	1.1786×10⁵	1.297	0.315 9
3	0.387 6	1.2159×10⁵	2	0.286 9	0.351 7	1.2034×10⁵	0.966	0.268 3
?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
28	0.398 8	1.3338×10⁵	1.628	0.297 2	0.394 3	1.1848×10⁵	1.09	0.266 2
29	0.380 9	1.2097×10⁵	1.172	0.32	0.371 9	1.1910×10⁵	1.917	0.270 3
30	0.369 7	1.1786×10⁵	0.924	0.295 2	0.354	1.3276×10⁵	1.545	0.264 1

序号	工况3				工况4
序号	x₁/m	x₂/Pa	x₃	x₄/m	x₁/m	x₂/Pa	x₃	x₄/m
1	0.358 4	1.3214×10⁵	1.793	0.307 6	0.407 8	1.2717×10⁵	0.883	0.299 3
2	0.405 5	1.2097×10⁵	0.924	0.286 9	0.349 5	1.2779×10⁵	1.007	0.270 3
3	0.378 6	1.2407×10⁵	1.379	0.291	0.394 3	1.2407×10⁵	1.214	0.264 1
?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
28	0.354	1.2221×10⁵	1.917	0.297 2	0.356 2	1.3152×10⁵	1.71	0.311 7
29	0.356 2	1.3152×10⁵	1.752	0.276 6	0.403 3	1.1848×10⁵	0.966	0.286 9
30	0.403 3	1.2655×10⁵	1.586	0.317 9	0.365 2	1.1786×10⁵	1.917	0.280 7

样本点	项目	WICC₁	WICC₂	WICC₃	WICC₄
4	仿真值	0.085 7	0.164 2	0.276 8	0.396 4
	预测值	0.085 5	0.162 5	0.277 1	0.386 9
	误差	0.23%	1.04%	0.11%	2.40%
16	仿真值	0.095 1	0.148 1	0.273 3	0.397 1
	预测值	0.098 8	0.152 3	0.275 9	0.410 2
	误差	3.89%	2.84%	0.95%	3.30%
23	仿真值	0.125 8	0.194 4	0.249 3	0.398 6
	预测值	0.122 1	0.200 8	0.248 0	0.392 1
	误差	2.94%	3.29%	0.52%	1.63%

参数名称	数值
Population Size	100
Pareto Fraction	0.3
Stall Gen Limit	200
Generations	200
Tol Fun	1×10^-100

Multi⁃objective Optimization of Active Safety Airbag Based on the Injury Thresholds of 12⁃year⁃old Children

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Figures/Tables 17

References 23

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优化因素	初始值	最优值
气囊安装点高度x₁/m	0.395	0.384 2
泄气阀开启压力x₂/Pa	1.25×10⁵	1.23×10⁵
泄气阀开度x₃	1.0	2.0
中部拉带长度x₄/m	0.29	0.32

工况		HIC₁₅	N_ij	T_3ms/g	THPC/mm	WICC
1	优化前	15.94	0.192 3	11.21	12.33	0.094 8
	优化后	7.30	0.141	10.09	11.16	0.076 9
	改进效果	-54.17%	-26.68%	-9.99%	-9.49%	-18.88%
2	优化前	72.44	0.427 6	17.10	14.64	0.193 2
	优化后	43.26	0.331 6	15.85	13.29	0.155 1
	改进效果	-40.29%	-22.45%	-7.31%	-9.22%	-19.72%
3	优化前	147.89	0.570 1	23.50	15.59	0.290 5
	优化后	98.03	0.479 9	21.18	13.72	0.235 2
	改进效果	-33.71%	-15.82%	-9.87%	-11.99%	-19.04%
4	优化前	262.90	0.728 9	31.83	15.99	0.423 2
	优化后	187.76	0.621 1	28.64	14.35	0.346 7
	改进效果	-28.58%	-14.79%	-10.02%	-10.26%	-18.08%

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