Table of Content

25 December 2024, Volume 46 Issue 12 Previous Issue   

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Integrated Optimization Design of Lightweight and Fatigue Life for the Integrated Structure of Cell-To-Frame Zihao Meng,Dengfeng Wang,Xiaopeng Zhang,Zifeng Zhang,Fengmin Lian,Jing Chen 2024, 46 (12):  2143-2153.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.001 Abstract ( 321 )   HTML ( 38 )   PDF (11913KB) ( 273 )   Save To improve the lightweight level of electric cargo vehicles， a Cell To Frame （CTF） structure that integrates the frame and battery compartment is proposed in this paper. Firstly， a finite element model of the benchmark vehicle frame is established， and its static performance and free mode are calculated. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified through free mode experiments. Then， the fatigue life analysis of the frame is carried out using the nominal stress method in the time domain using the multi working condition combination fatigue load spectrum obtained from road sampling. Next， experimental design is conducted on the initial design of the CTF structure， which has been validated by finite element analysis， and a surrogate model is established. Finally， the global response search method is used for optimization design to obtain the optimal lightweight solution. The results show that after optimized design， the weight of the CTF structure is reduced by 139.95 kg compared to the traditional separation design of the frame and battery compartment， with a lightweight rate of 14.09%. At the same time， the mechanical properties and fatigue life of the CTF structure both meet the design requirements. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Lightweight Design of Integrated Mega-casting Aluminum Alloy Vehicle Body Components Bo Liu,Yongxin Tang,Yi Wu,Ziyang Wang,Qin Yang,Tiegang Hu,Xiaomin Xu 2024, 46 (12):  2154-2163.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.002 Abstract ( 296 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF (8444KB) ( 258 )   Save In　recent years， mega-casting aluminum alloy structures have gradually been used to replace traditional stamping-welded body-in-white structures. The study on lightweight design of mega-casting aluminum alloy rear floor structure is conduced in this paper. An equivalent analysis scheme is proposed for the analysis of mega-casting vehicle body components. Regarding the processing and performance of the mega-casting structure， the processing constraints for the design are investigated， and the heterogeneity of its material properties is clarified. Based on the topology optimization method， the design domain of the structure is analyzed and the ideal topological design is obtained. Finally， a lightweight design is carried out， achieving a 7% weight reduction while ensuring performance. The study illustrates the design and optimization process of the mega-casting vehicle body components， which has certain reference significance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Constitutive Model and Fracture Criterion of Megacasting Aluminum Alloy Considering Defects Qiangqiang Zhai,Di Wu,Hanyu Zhang,Zhao Liu,Ping Zhu 2024, 46 (12):  2164-2172.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.003 Abstract ( 140 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (5474KB) ( 197 )   Save Megacasting during rapid filling and cooling processes inevitably generates defects， which significantly impact the mechanical properties of castings. However， it is difficult for existing mechanical analysis models to accurately predict the properties in defective castings， posing substantial challenges to the design of structurally safe castings. To solve the problem， a constitutive model and a fracture criterion of cast aluminum considering defects are proposed in this paper. Five different shapes of samples are cut from different locations of the megacasting floor， and experimental tests are carried out. The defect information on the fracture sections is statistically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Based on the stress-strain curves of the standard tensile samples， a constitutive model considering defects and saturating stresses is proposed to accurately characterize the strain-hardening properties. Based on the existing Modified Mohr-Coulomb （MMC） fracture criterion， an improved MMC model considering defects and stress states is proposed， and the parameters are calibrated by four different shaped samples. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model， a comparative analysis between experimentation and simulation is conducted. The results show that the proposed constitutive model has a high fitting accuracy compared with the traditional hardening model. The load-displacement curves of the tests and simulation of different samples are in good agreement， which verifies the validity of the proposed fracture model. This study provides a novel approach to accurately predicting the mechanical properties of megacasting aluminum alloys. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Performance Study of Complex Thin Wall Structure of the Front Cabin Xianming Meng,Pengfei Ren,Sai Zhang 2024, 46 (12):  2173-2180.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.004 Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (3461KB) ( 820 )   Save For the complex thin-walled structure design of the integrated front engine compartment of electric vehicles， a structure and performance collaborative design method based on topology optimization is proposed in this paper. The optimal load path under multiple load conditions is determined through topology optimization and feasibility design of the front engine compartment integrated die-casting component process is conducted. Material testing is conducted on the die-cast materials， and failure surfaces are developed based on stress triaxiality and Lode angle coefficient stress states. A simplified frontal collision model is constructed to assess the stiffness compatibility between the extruded longitudinal beams and the die-cast components within the integrated front compartment structure. The results show that the proposed design method can effectively obtain topological paths under multiple performance constraints， fully consider the feasibility of the front cabin structure process and structural performance matching， and reduce research and development cost. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Topology and Size Joint Optimization Design Method for Stamping Die Structure Lei Yan,Shu Yang,Chang Qi 2024, 46 (12):  2181-2189.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.005 Abstract ( 127 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (4474KB) ( 101 )   Save The goal of the structural design of a stamping die is to obtain the optimal structural configuration and the corresponding size parameters while considering both structural performance and die weight， which is difficult to achieve with a single topology optimization process. Therefore， a design method combining topology and size optimization for stamping die structure is proposed in this paper. The method avoids the complicated load mapping calculation step by adopting the node-to-node load mapping strategy， thus directly transferring the load distribution on the contact surface to the loading step in the static model. The relaxation coefficients of the structural performance in the topology optimization model are determined by the given performance evaluation index and the corresponding selection strategy so that the mechanical properties of the topology optimized dies are not weaker than those of the initial design while reducing the weight as much as possible. Finally， according to the optimal structural configuration obtained from the topology optimization， the corresponding structural parameters are determined by the multiple surrogate models-based size optimization method. The method is successfully applied to the optimal design of stamping dies for automotive structural components and its effectiveness is verified by comparing the results of the initial design， topology-optimized design， and topology size joint optimization design. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Sandwich Hood Inspired by Straw-Shaped Structure and Its Protective Effectiveness on Head Injury Tiefang Zou,Dezhuo Chen,Qiqi Li 2024, 46 (12):  2190-2199.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.006 Abstract ( 88 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (6621KB) ( 287 )   Save In order to develop a hood with better pedestrian protection performance， firstly three types of straw energy absorption modules are designed， specifically circular， triangular and rectangular. Subsequently， the CSEAM sample with PA11 material is prepared and the finite element model is verified. Then， the human body injury protection effectiveness of the three types of Novel Straw-shaped structure Sandwich Hood （NSSH） is evaluated by simulation and the deformation mode is analyzed. The results show that the three NSSHs can significantly reduce pedestrian head injury， and the Triangle Straw-shape structure Sandwich Hood （TSSH） has the best protective effectiveness on human body injury. The deformation is uniformly diffused in a regular shape， and the peak of acceleration and impact force in each stage of the collision waveform is optimized by reducing the overall structural stiffness of the hood. Further analysis shows that the human body injury protection effectiveness of TSSH decreases with the increase of vehicle speed and impact angle， and the injury caused by TSSH is significantly lower than that of the original hood， indicating that raising the hood can reduce the impact angle to better protect pedestrians， while when the Ratio of Pedestrian height to Bonnet leading edge height Rh≤2.1 and Rh≥2.45， the head only impacts the hood and windshield， respectively. It can be used as the criterion of hood lift. The research results can provide support for the design of hood structure with better pedestrian protection effectiveness. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lightweight Bus Frame Based on Static Strength and Rollover Safety Xiaoyan Li,Haiyan Yu,Zunkang Chu 2024, 46 (12):  2200-2208.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.007 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (4979KB) ( 117 )   Save In order to adapt to the development of urban electric buses and the needs of national energy conservation and environmental protection policies， a lightweight method for vehicle body structure is proposed in this paper based on sensitivity analysis of the static strength and rollover safety performance of electric buses. Firstly， a finite element model of a certain electric bus is established， and the static strength and rollover safety analysis of the body structure is conducted through the finite element method. Secondly， sensitivity analysis of the static strength and rollover safety of the vehicle body under bending and twisting conditions is conducted on the finite element model. Based on the sensitivity analysis results， the component plate thickness that is beneficial for lightweighting and has little impact on the static strength and rollover safety of the vehicle body is selected as the design variable. The size optimization is carried out with the goal of minimizing the mass of the vehicle body skeleton， and the constraint that the maximum von Mises stress of each material unit does not exceed its material yield strength. The optimization results indicate that the static strength and rollover safety performance of the vehicle body structure meet regulatory requirements， and the weight of the vehicle body frame is reduced by 3.8%. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Design and Crashworthiness of Polycrystal Lattice Metamaterials Based on Grain Boundary Strengthening Geng Luo,Yaozhi Xiao,Kaifeng Xue,Yisong Chen 2024, 46 (12):  2209-2219.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.008 Abstract ( 116 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (7272KB) ( 234 )   Save Lattice mechanical metamaterials are widely applied in various protective structures due to their excellent mechanical properties and crashworthiness. Traditional lattice structures are often composed of periodically arranged regular porous materials. Inspired by the microcrystalline structures of metals， in this paper random grain boundary structures are incorporated into the design of lattice materials， then polycrystal lattice material specimens using 3D printing technology are prepared. Furthermore， crashworthiness studies are conducted based on the finite element models validated by experiments. The results show that compared to single crystal lattice materials， polycrystal lattice materials significantly improve specific energy absorption （SEA） at the same lattice angle， especially with 143% increase at the lattice angle of 30°. The crashworthiness of polycrystal lattice materials is influenced by grain size， intragranular lattice angle， and grain randomness. When grain size decreases， the energy absorption process becomes smoother， but excessively small grains may exacerbate fluctuations in the energy absorption process due to boundary effect. Polycrystal lattice materials with a 45° lattice angle and random lattice angles of 30°/60° exhibit stable energy absorption processes， and those with higher randomness in grain orientations show an even smoother energy absorption process. The novel polycrystal lattice mechanical metamaterials proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the crashworthiness of traditional lattice materials and provide guidance for the design and optimization of new lightweight lattice metamaterials. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Machine Learning Based Crashworthiness Optimization with Structural Deformation Mode Control Zhixiang Li,Danhui Zhu,Jiahuan Zhang 2024, 46 (12):  2220-2231.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.009 Abstract ( 133 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (5763KB) ( 176 )   Save Crashworthiness optimization is an effective way to achieve better passive safety protection performance of vehicles， but current optimization focuses on improving numerical response， while neglecting the control of a category response， namely， deformation modes. The deformation mode of key components is related to the effectiveness of vehicle force transmission path design. If an unsatisfactory deformation mode occurs in the optimization solution， the effectiveness of the optimization result cannot be guaranteed. Therefore， in this study a machine learning based deformation mode control optimization method is proposed to improve the crashworthiness index while ensuring that all samples in the optimization solution deform in ideal modes. Structural deformation is represented in the form of images， and deep learning auto encoder is used to extract deformation features and cluster them to identify different deformation modes. Then， machine learning prediction models based on Light Gradient Boosting Machine （LightGBM） are established for the identified deformation modes and numerical responses. Finally， the optimization is solved based on the machine learning prediction models. The proposed machine learning optimization method is validated using a full vehicle frontal collision case， and the results show that while improving the numerical crashworthiness responses， the deformation mode of the longitudinal beam is ensured to deform in an ideal mode. This study demonstrates the prospects of machine learning in improving the effectiveness of structural optimization. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact Damage Assessment of CFRP Battery Box Based on Lamb Waves Zhongyu Li,Zitong He,Jianfeng Wang,Bing Wang,Yiqun Liu,Junyuan Zhang 2024, 46 (12):  2232-2240.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.010 Abstract ( 112 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (4077KB) ( 153 )   Save Lamb waves， with the characteristics of long propagation distance， low cost， and good sensitivity to various damages， offer significant potential for studying the visually undetectable damage caused by low-velocity impact in carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） battery box. Although relative acoustic nonlinear parameters （RANP） have been shown to be effective in quantifying the degree of impact damage to composite materials， the mechanism by which damage affects them has not been explored. In this study， a combination of experimental and simulation method is used to study for the first time the effect of different impact damages on the propagation of Lamb waves in CFRP battery boxes. To this end， a geometric model of the battery box structure is first established. Then， impact tests are carried out on CFRP， and a simulation model for damage monitoring of CFRP battery boxes is built. Finally， the effect of delamination， matrix compression damage， and fiber tensile damage on the damage assessment parameters of CFRP battery boxes is studied. The results indicate that the established CFRP simulation model is reliable in calculation accuracy， with the RANP parameter being sensitive to the damage area of each mode， though not to the damage position in the thickness direction. Damage causes the Lamb wave to generate new frequency components during propagation. The calculation of the RANP parameter can thus analyze the degree of damage. When the degree of damage is low， the size of the RANP parameter depends more on the interlayer shedding damage， and once the damage exceeds a certain threshold， the size of the RANP parameter depends more on the intralayer damage such as the fiber damage of the CFRP. The research results have important guiding value for the structural-functional integrated design of automobile collision safety components. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Reclined Occupant Crash Injuries and Impact Protection Wenxuan Shen,Rui Dai,Puyuan Tan,Qing Zhou 2024, 46 (12):  2241-2256.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.ep.004 Abstract ( 155 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (5533KB) ( 688 )   Save With the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving technologies， zero-gravity seat， with occupant comfort as core function， has been equipped in some vehicles. Compared to upright seating， reclined occupants face a higher risk of injury in collision， making the development of crash safety solutions imminent. In this paper， a review of the current research status and development trends regarding the crash safety of reclined occupants is conducted， focusing on injury mechanism， restraint systems， and research tools. The findings are summarized as follows： （1） Injury patterns for reclined occupants differ from those for upright occupants， and the injury mechanism at typical sites such as the lumbar spine and the iliac crest have not been fully clarified. （2） Traditional restraint systems with three-point seat belts as the core， even after improvement and optimization， is still difficult to provide effective overall protection for reclined occupants. Development of new protective means that can reasonably balance submarine and spinal injuries under the integrated active-passive safety system is a key issue in crash protection research for reclined occupants. （3） Crash dummies and human body models （HBMs）， as the primary research and evaluation tools， need to improve their usability and bio-fidelity for reclined conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Data Collection and Annotation Method for Radar on Some Key Scenarios Kaibo Huang,Weiwen Deng,Ying Wang,Rui Zhao,Juan Ding 2024, 46 (12):  2257-2266.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.012 Abstract ( 100 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (4102KB) ( 161 )   Save False alarm and missed alarm of automotive radar are key factors affecting the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems， thus requiring a large amount of labeled test data for targeted research. However， the occurrence probability of false alarm and missed alarm is low， and the unstable status of radar targets makes it difficult to label them. Therefore， in this paper， firstly efficient test schemes are designed to obtain key radar data based on the generation mechanism of radar false alarm and missed alarm. Then， by constructing a correlation function to quantify the correlation between radar targets and scene targets and using genetic algorithms to optimize this function， an automatic labeling method for radar targets is established. Finally， the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through real data acquisition. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently obtain crucial false alarm and missed alarm data. The labeling method in this paper can accurately identify radar targets corresponding to scene targets and distinguish between false alarm and real targets. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Cooperative Optimization Method of Traffic Signal and Speed of Connected Vehicles Xinyu Chen,Jian Chen,Lijun Qian,Qidong Wang 2024, 46 (12):  2267-2278.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.013 Abstract ( 107 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (5346KB) ( 128 )   Save In order to improve the traffic efficiency at the signalized intersections and the fuel economy of vehicles， a cooperative optimization method of traffic signals and speed of connected vehicles considering the human driver error is proposed in this paper. In the traffic layer， by transforming the traffic signal optimization problem into a sequencing problem to find the optimal sequence of vehicles passing through the intersections， the optimal control model for traffic signal optimization is constructed and a traffic signal optimization algorithm based on dynamic planning is proposed. In the vehicle layer， the optimal control model for vehicle speed optimization is constructed by considering the influence of driver error， and a speed optimization algorithm based on fast stochastic model predictive control for connected vehicles is proposed. The simulation and intelligent connected micro-vehicle test results show that the co-optimization strategy proposed in this paper can effectively alleviate the deceleration and stopping of vehicles at intersections due to driver errors， and further reduce the travel time， idling time and fuel consumption of vehicles. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Collaborative Perception Based on Point Cloud Spatio-Temporal Feature Compensation Network for Intelligent Connected Vehicles Mingfang Zhang,Ying Liu,Jian Ma,Ye He,Li Wang 2024, 46 (12):  2279-2289.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.014 Abstract ( 113 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (5618KB) ( 192 )   Save In order to overcome the influence of network latency on the cooperative perception accuracy and simultaneously improve the point cloud feature expression capability， a cooperative perception method based on point cloud spatio-temporal feature compensation network for intelligent connected vehicles is proposed. Firstly， the point-to-pillar feature extraction method is used to process the raw point cloud data， and the local neighborhood features of the laser points are then spliced with pillar feature maps. Secondly， the temporal latency compensation module based on the PredRNN algorithm is designed to predict the point cloud features of historical frames received from the surrounding connected vehicles， so as to achieve the synchronization of point cloud features from two vehicles. Thirdly， the spatial feature fusion compensation module is utilized to aggregate the inter-vehicle point cloud features， and multi-resolution features are fused through the bidirectional multi-scale feature pyramid network. The output includes vehicle target geometry size， heading angle and other information. Finally， the test results on the V2V4real dataset and the self-collected dataset demonstrate that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is superior to classical cooperative perception algorithms. Furthermore， it exhibits good adaptability to various latency cases and the inference process meets the real-time requirements. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SFW-YOLOv8 Complex Scene Video Vehicle Detection Model Qin Zhu,Shenyang Han,Mingru Zeng,Pinghong Lai,Chuimao Wu,Weiyi Hu 2024, 46 (12):  2290-2302.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.015 Abstract ( 160 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (5522KB) ( 562 )   Save For the problem that it is difficult for video vehicle detection models to extract rich target features in complex traffic monitoring scenarios， in this paper a new spatial-temporal feature fusion module SF-Module is established from the perspective of making full use of spatial-temporal feature information of video images. The multi-head self-attention mechanism in Transformer model is used to extract and fuse the temporal and spatial feature information of current and historical frames of video vehicle images to enrich the feature information of the target. On this basis， based on YOLOv8 network， the newly created spatio-temporal feature fusion module SF-Module is integrated in its neck network to mine spatio-temporal feature information of video image sequences. At the same time， the WIoU loss function is introduced as the prediction frame regression loss to reduce the harmful gradient generated by the low quality label frame， and the SFW-YOLOv8 video vehicle detection model is designed. Finally， the newly established SFW-YOLOv8 complex scene video vehicle detection model is tested on the UA-DETRAC dataset， and some images in the dataset are simulated to enhance the data on rainy and foggy days， so as to improve the generalization of the vehicle detection model. The experimental results show that the values of mAP50 and mAP50：5：95 of the SFW-YOLOv8 video vehicle detection model are 79.1% and 63.6%， which are 1.7% and 3.3% higher than that of the YOLOv8 model， respectively. The reasoning speed is 11 ms/ frame， which has excellent detection performance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Inlet and Outlet Temperature Control of Vehicle Fuel Cell Stacks Under Variable Loading Currents Yisong Chen,Zijian Lan,Xu Cai,Ziqiang Cao,Qingshan Liu,Pei Fu 2024, 46 (12):  2303-2313.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.016 Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1893KB) ( 161 )   Save To solve the problem of large fluctuation of inlet and outlet temperature on vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） under variable loading currents， a dynamic change particle swarm optimization （PSO）—proportional integral derivative （PID） algorithm is proposed. Firstly， the overall simulation model of the PEMFC engine system with rated power of 150 kW is built. Based on existing references， the accuracy of the output power and voltage of the model is validated； and according to the validated results， the supply of reactant gas is set following demand on currents， which reflects real working conditions of the PEMFC engine system. Based on the model built and the control strategy that the mass flow rate of cooling water following output power， PID， PSO-PID and dynamic change PSO-PID are used on the mass flow rate of cooling air from radiating fans to conduct research on the control effect of them on the inlet and outlet temperature and output power of FCs under variable loading currents. The results show that compared with PID， under PSO-PID and dynamic change PSO-PID， the transient overshoots decreasing amplitudes of inlet temperature of FCs are both 13.7%， those of outlet temperature both 36.0% and the output power reaching the stable condition faster. The time when dynamic change PSO-PID reaching the optimum values only accounts for 57.1% of that under PSO-PID， which can reduce more unnecessary computation and input the PID parameters into the stack temperature controller ahead of PSO-PID. The dynamic PSO-PID algorithm can be used on actual inlet and outlet temperature control of FCs more efficiently and faster， contributing to improving the stability of the temperature and the output power of vehicle PEMFC. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Traffic Information-Integrated Energy Management for Fuel Cell Vehicles Yaxiong Wang,Yiying Fan,Kai Ou,Zhongbao Wei,Jiujun Zhang 2024, 46 (12):  2314-2328.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.017 Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (2674KB) ( 240 )   Save Energy management determines the power distribution of the power system of fuel cell vehicles （FCVs） and affects the economy and durability of FCVs. As the operating conditions of vehicles are complex and variable， energy management can improve the output performance of FCV power system by integrating traffic information. In this paper， the optimization objectives of FCV energy management are summarized， and the traditional rule-based and optimization-based energy management strategies are analyzed. Then， focusing on the analysis and prediction of traffic information such as vehicle speed and traffic condition， prediction methods such as Markov method and artificial intelligence are reviewed， and the research progress of FCV energy management strategies by integrating traffic information is summarized. Finally， the research direction of development of FCV energy management by integrating traffic information is proposed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptive Control Strategy for Vehicle Yaw Stability Considering Dynamic Multi-objective Requirements Jian Wu,Hanlin Wang,Bing Zhu,Jian Zhao,Zhicheng Chen 2024, 46 (12):  2329-2338.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.018 Abstract ( 179 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (4350KB) ( 221 )   Save For the dynamic multi-objective requirements of yaw maneuverability and lateral stability under different driving states， an adaptive control strategy for vehicle yaw stability is proposed. Firstly， the vehicle dynamics model is established by piecewise linear fitting technology， and the dynamic stability region boundary related to road adhesion and longitudinal velocity is obtained in phase plane by integrated application of improved two-line method and fuzzy theory. Then， the stability risk during vehicle driving is quantitatively characterized and the dynamic multi-objective mapping function is introduced to adjust the built-in parameters of the stability control strategy designed based on the model predictive theory so as to match the dynamic multi-objective demand of vehicle lateral stability， yaw maneuverability and actuator energy consumption. Finally， the simulation test results prove that the designed control strategy can help the vehicle obtain safer and better stability control effect than the traditional method under various conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Design of Hollow Rectangular Front Axle with Variable Cross-section and Vertical and Longitudinal Performance Under Working Conditions Liandong Wang,Jinyu Li,Kai Feng,Yu Zhang,Ye Tian 2024, 46 (12):  2339-2354.  doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.12.019 Abstract ( 97 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (5658KB) ( 443 )   Save The front axle manufactured through forging has large dimension， and the stress on it is complex. It is difficult to lightweight due to the limitation of the I-beam structure. In this paper， the design method of hollow front axle is given， and the hollow rectangular structure with variable cross-section and wall thickness and a combination of leaf spring seats are used to achieve lightweight and improve bending and torsion resistance. The influence of wall thickness at the kingpin hole on the strength of the fist is revealed， and the appropriate wall thickness range of the fist and the height and width coefficient of the plugging hole is given， by the vertical and longitudinal working conditions of the finite element mode. The 1：1 hollow front axle sample with an axle load of 5 t is produced by using seamless steel pipes， which is 10.75% lighter than the forged front axle. The variation law of vertical displacement and axial stress changes on the lower surface of the shaft and the stress distribution at the edge of the sealing hole on the outer end face of the fist are revealed through stiffness tests under vertical and longitudinal working conditions， as well as static strength and fatigue life tests under vertical working condition. The results show that the stiffness and static strength of the variable cross-section hollow rectangular front shaft meet industry standards， and the fatigue life under vertical working condition is much higher than industry standards. It is indicated that the variable cross-section hollow front axle can improve performance and achieve lightweight. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics