汽车工程

汽车工程 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 956-964.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.07.016

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花纹结构对载重轮胎噪声辐射的影响规律研究*

曹金凤1, 黄伟1,4, 张春生2, 侯丹丹2, 项大兵3, 危银涛4   

  1. 1.青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院和结构声与机械故障诊断实验室,青岛 266520;
    2.中策橡胶集团有限公司,杭州 310018;
    3.易瑞博科技(北京)有限公司,北京 100083;
    4.清华大学,汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 危银涛,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:weiyt@tsinghua.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    *国际(地区)合作与交流项目(51761135124)和山东省重点研发计划(公益类专项)(2019GGX101020)资助。

Study on the Influence of Tread Pattern on Noise Radiation of Truck Tire

Cao Jinfeng1, Huang Wei1,4, Zhang Chunsheng2, Hou Dandan2, Xiang Dabing3, Wei Yintao4   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering & Center for Structural Acoustics and Machine Fault Diagnosis, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520;
    2. Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018;
    3. E-Rubber Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083;
    4. Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084
  • Received:2019-09-02 Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-08-14

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摘要： 花纹结构是影响载货车轮胎噪声辐射的重要因素之一。本文中选取3款典型花纹结构(横沟/纵沟/光面)载货车轮胎进行近场噪声试验,并对试验数据进行离散度和相关性分析,以探究轮胎接地前/后端的噪声差异。结果表明:纵沟/光面胎的噪声声压级与速度之间有比横沟胎较好的线性相关性,但花纹节距的合理设计与排列能显著改善中高速工况下横沟胎噪声声压级与速度之间的线性相关性;指向性噪声差值与横沟宽度呈负相关而与基面宽度呈正相关,纵沟条数对指向性噪声差值影响较小;横沟/纵沟/光面胎的指向性噪声差值分别为9.5、11和14 dB(A),3款花纹结构轮胎噪声指向性由强到弱的顺序为光面胎、纵沟胎、横沟胎;横/纵沟是造成接地后端噪声大于接地前端噪声的主要原因,横/纵沟胎接地前/后端噪声差值分别为-0.35、1.73 dB(A);光面结构是造成重型轮胎接地后端噪声小于接地前端噪声的主要原因,光面胎接地前/后端噪声差值为2.76 dB(A)。

关键词: 载货车轮胎, 噪声, 辐射特性, 花纹结构, 影响规律

Abstract: Tread pattern is one of the important factors affecting the noise radiation of truck tires. In this paper, three tires with typical tread pattern are selected to conduct the near-field noise test, with test data analyzed in terms of dispersion and correlation for revealing the differences between the noises at the front and rear ends of tire footprint. The results show that longitudinal groove tire and smooth tire have a better linear correlation between the sound pressure level of noise and speed compared with transverse groove tire, but reasonable design and layout of pattern pitch can significantly improve the linear correlation of transverse groove tire in medium-high speed conditions. The directional noise difference is negatively correlated with the width of transverse groove, but is positively correlated with the width of base surface, while the number of longitudinal groove has less influence on the directional noise difference. The directivity of noise for three typical treads of tires according to the order from weak to strong are transverse groove tire, longitudinal groove tire and smooth tire, with their directional noise difference being 9.5 dB(A), 11dB (A) and 14 dB(A) respectively. The transverse groove and the longitudinal groove are the main causes of that the noise at the rear-end of footprint is louder than that at the front-end of footprint, with their directional noise difference being -0.35 dB(A) and 1.73 dB(A), respectively. The smooth surface is the main cause of that the noise at the rear-end of footprint is quieter than the front-end of footprint, with its directional noise difference being 2.76 dB(A).

Key words: truck tire, noise, radiation characteristics, tread pattern, influence rule