轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2021.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求，旨在加强对儿童行人的保护。本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告（TB024）规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型，设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验，以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理。结果表明，在4种不同角度的碰撞条件下，仅270°背面碰撞时儿童股骨未发生骨折；0°碰撞时儿童下肢膝关节韧带损伤最为严重；180°左侧碰撞下，对撞侧膝关节半月板最容易发生损伤，而撞击侧股骨远端生长板存在较大的受伤风险；270°背面碰撞中儿童的胫骨和腓骨最容易发生损伤。本研究为儿童行人保护和儿童下肢损伤的治疗提供了理论依据，为汽车安全防护装置的研发提供数据支持。

关键词: 有限元模型, 儿童行人, 下肢损伤

Abstract:

The new version of technical bulletin TB024 promulgated by Euro NCAP made a separate request on the authentication of 6?year?old child pedestrian model， aiming to reinforce the protection of child pedestrian. In this study， based on the finite element model of 6?year?old pedestrian with detailed anatomical structure as specified in Euro NCAP TB024， 4 different collision orientations are set to conduct pedestrian?vehicle crash simulation test for exploring the injury mechanism of child's lower extremity in different collision orientations. The results show that among 4 collision orientations， only 270° collision （back impact） does not cause femur fracture； the most severe knee ligament injury happens in 0° collision （right?side impact）； In 180° collision （left?side impact）， the meniscus in right?side knee is most prone to injury and the left distal femoral growth plate has a higher risk of injury； Tibia and fibula are most prone to injury in 270° collision. This study provides a theoretical basis for child pedestrian protection and the cure of child extremity injury and the data supports for the development of vehicle safety protection devices.

Key words: FE model, child pedestrian, lower extremity injury

李海岩,李琨,黄永强,贺丽娟,崔世海,吕文乐,阮世捷. 轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2021, 43(2): 262-268.

Haiyan Li,Kun Li,Yongqiang Huang,Lijuan He,Shihai Cui,Lü Wenle Ruan Shijie. Analysis of Lower Extremity Injury of Six⁃year⁃old Child Pedestrian in Different Orientation Collisions with Car[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2021, 43(2): 262-268.

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项目	0°碰撞	90°碰撞	180°碰撞	270°碰撞
下肢最大接触力/kN	4.58	6.17	4.27	5.14
股骨损伤	右腿股骨骨折	右腿股骨骨折	左腿股骨骨折	未骨折
股骨最大von Mises应力/MPa	114.1	114.1	114.0	114.0
膝关节最大弯曲角度/(°)	左膝58.4	左膝83.3	右膝61.4	左膝64.1
膝关节韧带损伤	左膝ACL、PCL、MCL、LCL,右膝MCL断裂	左膝LCL、PCL、MCL,右膝LCL、PCL断裂	左膝LCL,右膝LCL、ACL、PCL断裂	未断裂
半月板最大von Mises应力/MPa	左膝126.2	右膝81.2	右膝233.4	右膝87.5
胫骨和腓骨最大von Mises应力/MPa	右腿胫骨41.1 左腿腓骨48.3	右腿胫骨44.9 右腿腓骨44.0	右腿胫骨52.5 右腿腓骨44.4	右腿胫骨53.5 左腿腓骨51.1
生长板最大von Mises应力/MPa	右腿股骨近端1.017	左腿股骨远端0.923	左腿股骨远端1.288	右腿股骨远端0.769

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