面向大角度座椅研发的后倾坐姿乘员损伤仿生模型开发及验证

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

智能汽车的快速推广使得零重力座椅有了更多的应用场景，这给后倾坐姿乘员约束系统设计带来全新的挑战。为弥补现今碰撞测试假人对后倾坐姿乘员安全研发的局限性，本研究基于图斯特第五百分位女性（TUST IBMs F05）和第五十百分位男性（TUST IBMs M50）乘员损伤仿生模型，通过姿态调整重建，开发后倾坐姿乘员损伤仿生模型，并通过重构尸体试验验证模型有效性。试验结果表明两种模型位移-时间曲线均落在尸体通道内，该模型在胸腰椎、骨盆几何形态上符合真实的人体结构，其他软组织亦兼具详细、逼真的解剖学结构和网格质量良好的优点，具有较高的生物逼真度。模型可为研究后倾坐姿乘员碰撞损伤机理、制订安全防护策略和相关法规提供可靠的基础数据，也为大倾角汽车座椅开发及安全和舒适性测评提供高效的计算工具。

关键词: 后倾坐姿乘员, 损伤生物力学模型, 50^th百分位男性, 5^th百分位女性, 大角度座椅

Abstract:

The rapid promotion of intelligent vehicles has expanded application scenarios for large-angle zero-gravity seats， presenting new challenges for the design of occupant restraint system. For the limitation of current crash test dummies in assessing occupant safety in reclined seating postures， based on the TUST IBMs F05 （5th percentile female） and TUST IBMs M50 （50th percentile male） occupant injury bionic models， a biomimetic model of occupant injury in reclined seating postures is developed in this study through posture adjustment reconstruction. The effectiveness of the model is verified by reconstructed cadaver tests. The test results indicate that the displacement-time curves of both models fall within the cadaveric response corridors. Additionally， the models accurately represent the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis geometry of the human body， while also exhibiting detailed soft tissue structures with high geometric realism and good mesh quality. With a high level of biofidelity， this model provides reliable baseline data for studying the injury mechanisms of reclined occupants in crashes， as well as for developing safety protection strategies and related regulations. Furthermore， it serves as an efficient computational tool for the development， safety assessment， and comfort evaluation of large-angle automotive seats.

Key words: reclined occupants, injury biomechanic model, the 5^th percentile Chinese female, the 50^th percentile Chinese male, large-angel seat

李海岩,张胜娇,王彦鑫,张欣玉,崔世海,贺丽娟,吕文乐. 面向大角度座椅研发的后倾坐姿乘员损伤仿生模型开发及验证[J]. 汽车工程, 2025, 47(8): 1588-1595.

Haiyan Li,Shengjiao Zhang,Yanxin Wang,Xinyu Zhang,Shihai Cui,Lijuan He,Wenle Lü. Development and Validation of Injury Bionic Models for Occupants in Reclined Seating Posture for Large-Angle Seat Design[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(8): 1588-1595.

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模型	TA	KA	AA
F05-R	120°	125°	100°
M50-R	120°	125°	95°

尸体编号	年龄	死因	BMD/ （g·cm^-2）	身高/cm	体质量/kg
930	66	痴呆	1.065	175	74
630	53	恶性肿瘤	1.357	175	57
901	72	败血症	1.133	185	74
662	25	头部中枪	1.221	174	75
815	55	心肌梗塞	1.009	180	74

项目	左侧肋骨	右侧肋骨	右侧锁骨
930	4	19	0
630	1	0	0
901	9	9	0
662	0	0	0
815	0	6	1
F05-R	0	0	0
M50-R	2	4	1

项目	I	II	III	胸腰椎形态
930	47°	52°	53°	轻微胸腰椎前凸
630	48°	55°	54°	胸腰椎后凸
901	46.5°	61°	59°	胸腰椎后凸
662	45°	46°	57°	下胸椎和上腰椎直立
815	46°	39°	56°	胸腰椎后凸
M50-R	42.73°	68.37°	64.15°	胸腰椎后凸
F05-R	40.81°	66.24°	47.89°	下胸椎和上腰椎直立