关键词: 飞行汽车, 三级协同架构, 故障容错机制, 能量管理系统, 路径规划决策

Abstract:

Flying cars can effectively expand the dimensionality of transportation systems， offering innovative solutions to alleviate ground traffic congestion and broaden spatial mobility options. In recent years， China has actively promoted the development of flying cars， with increasing policy support and accelerated technological progress from enterprises. Against this backdrop， related research has grown steadily； however， most studies remain focused on specific modules such as flight control systems， energy systems， or individual path planning algorithms. A comprehensive perspective on the overall operational process and the coordination among subsystems is still lacking. To address this gap， In this paper， from the perspective of core enabling technologies for system-level operation， focusing on the challenges of safety， energy efficiency， and decision-making complexity in real-world flying car operations， a three-layer collaborative framework is proposed， consisting of bottom-layer fault tolerance and safety assurance； middle-layer energy management and power allocation； and top-layer path planning and autonomous decision-making. The key technologies and interdependencies within each layer are systematically reviewed， along with representative research progress and engineering practice. This work aims to provide theoretical insights and systematic references to support the safe and scalable deployment of flying car systems.

Key words: flying car, three-level coordination architecture, fault tolerance mechanism, energy management system, path planning decision-making