基于电化学热耦合模型的锂离子电池快充控制

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.04.005

Abstract

Abstract:

The existing electrochemical mechanism models of lithium-ion batteries do not consider the coupling relationship between heat generation and chemical reactions in the fast charging control process. As a result， the model cannot accurately describe the internal reaction and state of the battery. In order to further enhance the predictive ability of the model， it is necessary to couple the heat generation model on the basis of isothermal model. Therefore， a fast charging control model based on electrochemical-thermal coupling is proposed in this paper. Firstly， the parameters of electrochemical-thermal coupling model are classified， various parameter acquisition methods are analyzed， and accurate measurement and parameter identification are performed. The model is built， with its accuracy verified. The results show that the results of terminal voltage， cathode potential and temperature output from the model achieve high accuracy under different thermal conditions， meaning the model is suitable for fast charging simulation in a wide range of temperature. Meanwhile， sensitivity analysis is carried out on the reaction rate constant and ambient temperature parameters in the model. Then， a fast charging control simulation is conducted on the model with PID controller， the charging current is adjusted real-time according to the estimated cathode potential， achieving fast charging current simulation without lithium plating in a wide range of temperature. Finally， the results of model simulation and the comparative verification of constant-current charging indicate that the fast charging strategy proposed enables fast charging of the battery while avoiding the side reaction of lithium deposition.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, reference electrode, cathode potential, electrochemical-thermal coupling model, fast charging without lithium plating

Tao Sun,Xia Zheng,Yuejiu Zheng,Yufang Lu,Ke Kuang,Xuebing Han. Fast Charging Control of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical- thermal Coupling Model[J].Automotive Engineering, 2022, 44(4): 495-504.

Figures/Tables 19

参数	参数意义	单位	负极	隔膜	正极
$L$	电极厚度	$μ m$	110^a	56^a	100^a
$i 1 C$	1C倍率下平均电流密度	$A / m 2$		20^a
$c s, m a x$	固相颗粒最大嵌锂浓度	$m o l / m 3$	72 357^b		57 012^b
$x 0 / 100$	负极初始时刻化学计量比	1		0.016 9/0.950 1^b
$y 0 / 100$	正极初始时刻化学计量比	1		0.78/0.134 8^b
$A c e l l$	活性物质总面积	$m 2$		2.6^a
$R s$	固相颗粒粒径	$μ m$	6^c		6^c
$σ s$	固相电导率	$S / m$	100^d		10^d
$ε e$	液相体积分数	1	0.350^c	0.4^c	0.435^c
$ε s$	固相体积分数	1	0.478^c		0.306^c
$σ s e f f$	固相有效电导率	$S / m$	$ε s 1.5 σ s$		$ε s 1.5 σ s$
$c l 0$	电解质初始盐浓度	$m o l / m 3$		2 000^c
$E a$	活化能	$J / m o l$	21 350^e		23 000^e
$k r e f$	参考温度下的反应速率常数	$m / s$	3.5e-11^d，e		5e-11^d，e
$σ e$	液相离子电导率	$m / s$	$σ e = 1 × 10 - 4 c (- 10.5 + 0.074 T - 3.96 × 10 - 5 T 2 + 6.68 × 10 - 4 c - 1.78 × 10 - 5 T + 2.8 × 10 - 8 T 2 + 4.94 × 10 - 7 c 2 - 8.86 × 10 - 10 c 2 T) 2$
$D e$	液相扩散系数	$m 2 / s$	$D e = 1 × 10 - 8.83 - 54 T - 5 × 10 - 3 C - 299 - 2.2 × 10 - 4 c$
$D s, r e f$	参考温度下的固相扩散系数	$m 2 / s$	3.9e-14^d，e		3e-12^d，e
$T r e f$	参考温度	$K$		298.15
$α a 、 α c$	传递系数	1	0.5		0.5
$C p$	比热容	$J / k g ? K$		1125^a
$h$	对流换热系数	$W / m 2 ? K$		23^a
$F$	法拉第常数	$C / m o l$		96 487
$R$	理想气体常数	$J / m o l ? K$		8 314
$L p, t o t a l$	正极极片总长	$c m$			1 682.1
$L n, t o t a l$	负极极片总长	$c m$	1 689.3
$W p$	正极极片宽度	$c m$			9.4
$W n$	负极极片宽度	$c m$	9.5
$n$	卷芯数量			2

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温度点 0 ℃	充电倍率	0.33C	0.5C	1C
	温度/℃	0.299	0.288	0.262
	电压/V	0.012	0.019	0.022
	负极电位/V	0.004	0.004	0.015
温度点 25 ℃	充电倍率	0.33C	1C	2C	3C	4C
	温度/℃	0.268	0.546	0.332	0.293	0.465
	电压/V	0.021	0.018	0.017	0.024	0.041
	负极电位/V	0.015	0.010	0.019	0.025	0.028
温度点 45 ℃	充电倍率	0.5C	1C	2C	3C	4C
	温度/℃	0.532	0.263	0.264	0.428	0.404
	电压/V	0.027	0.029	0.035	0.035	0.031
	负极电位/V	0.025	0.022	0.036	0.048	0.063

项目	端电压/V	负极电位/V	温度/℃
均方根误差	0.022	0.024	0.963
最大误差	0.085	0.118	2.377

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Fast Charging Control of Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical- thermal Coupling Model

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