基于自抗扰控制的燃料电池供气系统协同控制研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

The development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is one of the important measures to realize the “Double carbon” strategic goal in our country. As the main power source of fuel cell vehicle， proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） system has nonlinear， strong coupling and time-delay characteristics. Those characteristics make PEMFC system have many difficulties when it is faced with complex power demand under various conditions like vehicle acceleration and climbing， especially in terms of precise control of gas supply and dynamic regulation of system response. The flow rate and pressure of gas supply play a decisive role in the output performance of PEMFC. Improper gas supply can lead to low efficiency of the stack and even damage or failure of the stack， and then affect the overall performance and service life of the system. Therefore， accurate gas supply system by optimizing the gas supply system is the key to improve the performance and extend the service life of PEMFC. Based on the establishment of a gas supply system model for PEMFC， in this paper the influence of key operating parameters such as oxygen excess ratio， gas pressure and gas pressure difference on the output performance of the system is analyzed. The synergetic control of oxygen excess ratio， cathode pressure and bipolar gas pressure difference in PEMFC system using nonlinear active disturbance rejection control （ADRC） algorithm is researched， which is then compared with those under the proportional integral derivative （PID） controller. Under PID control， the maximum overshoot of the oxygen excess ratio can reach 1， while under ADRC control， the overshoot only around 0.2， and the time to reach steady state is approximately 0.1 seconds， compared to around 1 seconds under PID control. After a sudden change in load current， the overshoot of the cathode gas pressure under the PID control algorithm is around 0.08 with large fluctuations， reaching a stable value within 2 seconds. Under the ADRC control algorithm， the cathode gas pressure can reach stable value within 0.8 seconds， with an overshoot much smaller than the PID control algorithm. Under PID control， the overshoot of the two-stage gas difference can reach up to 0.15 with large fluctuations and longer time to reach stability， but under the ADRC controller， it can quickly and stably reach the set value of 0.2 bar with smaller fluctuations. The results show that the ADRC controller has better decoupling， robustness and stability under the disturbance factors of load current and hydrogen displacement action.

Key words: fuel cell, gas supply system, PID, auto-disturbance rejection control, cooperative control

Pei Fu,Huaxi Zhang,Xu Cai,Zijian Lan,Qingshan Liu,Yisong Chen. Research on Collaborative Control of Fuel Cell Gas Supply System Based on Auto-disturbance Rejection Control[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(5): 859-874.

Figures/Tables 32

参数	表达式	参数	表达式	参数	表达式	参数	表达式
a₁	$η c m k t k v J c p R c m$	a₂	$C p T a t m J c p η c p$	a₃	$p a t m$	a₄	$γ - 1 γ$
a₅	$η c m k t J c p R c m$	a₆	$R T s m U s m M a i r$	a₇	$k s m, o u t$	a₈	$x O 2, i n k s m, o u t$
a₉	$k c a, o u t$	a₁₀	$m w, c a$	a₁₁	$N c e l l M O 2 4 F$	a₁₂	$x N 2, i n k s m, o u t$
a₁₃	$R T r m U r m M a i r$	a₁₄	$R T f c M O 2 U c a$	a₁₅	$R T f c M N 2 U c a$	a₁₆	$m w, c a R T f c M w U c a$

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参数	数值
l₀₀	1.606
l₁₀	2.212×10^-4
l₀₁	-5.992
l₁₁	2.201×10^-3
l₂₀	3.521×10^-8
l₀₂	-88.53

电流/A	过氧量比λ_O2	阀门开度θ	供给管道压力/bar	阴极流道压力/bar
150	2.26	0.50	2.43	2.38
160	2.18	0.50	2.49	2.44
170	2.11	0.50	2.54	2.49
180	2.05	0.50	2.55	2.60
190	2.00	0.50	2.67	2.51
200	1.99	0.52	2.69	2.61
210	1.98	0.54	2.71	2.65
220	1.95	0.55	2.74	2.67
230	1.95	0.57	2.76	2.70
240	1.93	0.58	2.80	2.73
250	1.95	0.60	2.82	2.74
260	1.92	0.60	2.73	2.66
270	1.92	0.61	2.72	2.65
280	1.92	0.62	2.77	2.69
290	1.95	0.64	2.79	2.71
300	1.94	0.64	2.80	2.72
310	1.98	0.67	2.82	2.74
320	2.03	0.70	2.87	2.78
330	2.02	0.71	2.87	2.80
340	2.08	0.75	3.02	2.91
350	2.10	0.77	3.08	2.99

参数	K_P	K_I	K_D
A组	20	300	20
B组	30	400	50
C组	50	600	40

参数	PID 控制器参数			ADRC 控制器参数
回路1	K_P	K_I	K_D	r₁	h₁	c₁	r₃	h₃
	113	200	245	30	0.1	1	50	0.02
				δ₁	β_1，1	β_1，2	β_1，3	b₁
				0.01	400	800	1 500	0.25
回路2	K_P	K_I	K_D	r₂	h₂	c₂	r₄	h₄
	-1	-30	0	100	0.1	0.1	300	0.05
				δ₂	β_2，1	β_2，2	β_2，3	b₂
				0.01	400	800	1 500	300
回路3	K_P	K_I	K_D	r₅	h₅	c₃	r₆	h₆
	5	10	24	100	0.1	0.03	1	0.01
				δ₃	β_3，1	β_3，2	β_3，3	b₃
				0.01	400	800	1 500	30

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Research on Collaborative Control of Fuel Cell Gas Supply System Based on Auto-disturbance Rejection Control

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References 26

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