汽车工程 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 945-952.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.06.017

所属专题: 车身设计&轻量化&安全专题2022年

• • 上一篇    

基于全生命周期分析的白车身选材方法

张立军(),高泽,余海燕   

  1. 同济大学汽车学院,上海  201804
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-09 修回日期:2021-11-19 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 张立军 E-mail:tjedu_zhanglijun@tongji.edu.cn

Selection of Body-in-White Material Based on Life Cycle Assessment

Lijun Zhang(),Ze Gao,Haiyan Yu   

  1. School of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai  201804
  • Received:2021-10-09 Revised:2021-11-19 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-06-28
  • Contact: Lijun Zhang E-mail:tjedu_zhanglijun@tongji.edu.cn

摘要:

本文中采用全生命周期分析方法对使用普通钢、先进高强度钢(AHSS)、铝合金和碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)等材料的某燃油车白车身在生产、行驶和报废回收各阶段的等效碳排放和能耗进行了分析,并讨论了行驶里程对不同材料车身减排效果的影响。结果表明:在当前技术条件下,用AHSS和铝合金代替普通钢作为白车身材料可降低碳排放和能耗,而用CFRP代替普通钢会增加碳排放和能耗;铝合金的全生命周期碳排放和能耗主要取决于生产阶段的碳排放和能耗水平,而材料的选择则与地区的碳排放和能耗水平有关,在普通碳排放和能耗水平的地区铝合金比AHSS更有优势,在高碳排放和能耗水平的地区则AHSS比铝合金更有优势;铝合金的减排效果随着行驶里程的增加而更显著。该燃油车在行驶15万km的情况下,其车身材料比例为 77.9% AHSS和22.1% 铝合金时,具有综合最优的碳排放和能耗水平。

关键词: 生命周期评价, 轻量化材料, 碳排放, 能源消耗

Abstract:

In this paper, life cycle assessment method is adopted to analyze the equivalent carbon emission and energy consumption of a fuel vehicle with four different materials i.e. common steel, advanced high strength steel (AHSS), aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as the material of its body-in-white in different stages of production, use (driving operation) and recovery after discard, with the influences of driving mileage on the emission reduction effects of different materials discussed. The results show that under current technical conditions, using AHSS and aluminum alloy to replace common steel as the material of body-in-white can reduce carbon emission and energy consumption, while using CFRP to replace common steel may increase the carbon emission and energy consumption. The life cycle carbon emission of aluminum alloy mainly depends on that in its production stage, while the selection of material is related to the carbon emission and energy consumption level in the region: in the region with general carbon emission and energy consumption level, aluminum alloy is superior than AHSS, while in the region with high carbon emission and energy consumption level, AHSS is superior than aluminum alloy. With the increase of driving mileage, the emission reduction effects of aluminum alloy become more remarkable. In a condition that the driving mileage of the fuel vehicle reaches 150 thousand km, it will get the comprehensively optimum carbon emission and energy consumption level when the materials of its body-in-white have a proportion of 77.9% AHSS versus 22.1% aluminum alloy.

Key words: life cycle assessment, light-weighting material, carbon emission, energy consumption