低温环境下车用锂电池预加热策略研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升电动车在低温环境下的续航里程，提出基于加热目标温度优化的电池组预加热策略，充分提高电池在低温环境下的能量效率，满足目标行驶里程的需求。首先通过实验测试确定不同温度下电池的最大放电能量；其次基于不同温度下电池的能量保持率和考虑温度对电池寿命的影响，建立非线性多目标约束方程并求解，得到不同环境温度和不同SOC状态下电池的最优加热目标温度；最后基于实测数据标定的整车物理模型对加热策略进行验证。实验结果表明，在-15和-5 ℃的初始温度下，基于优化的电池加热目标温度，整车的续航里程最大分别提高了8.41%和4.77%，说明所提方法能够明显提升低温下电动车的续航里程。

关键词: 电动车, 低温续航, 加热策略, 目标温度优化

Abstract:

To improve the driving range of electric vehicles under low temperatures， a battery pack heating strategy based on the optimization of heating target temperature is proposed in this paper， which can effectively enhance the battery energy efficiency to achieve the driving requirement under low temperature. Firstly， the maximum discharge capacity of the battery at different temperatures is determined by the experiment test. Secondly， based on the energy retention rate of the battery at different temperatures and considering the influence of temperature on the battery life， a nonlinear multi-objective constraint function is established and solved to obtain the optimal heating target temperature of the battery under different ambient temperatures and different SOC. Finally， the heating strategy is validated via simulation of the physical model calibrated with real world vehicle experiment data. The experimental results show that the vehicle driving range based on the optimized battery heating target temperature increases maximumly by 8.41% and 4.77% respectively at the initial temperature of -15 and -5 ℃， indicating the proposed method can effectively improve the driving range of electric vehicles at low temperature.

Key words: electric vehicle, low temperature driving range, heating strategy, target temperature optimization

薛撬,李军求,肖焱升,赵宇,刘宇,韩冬雪. 低温环境下车用锂电池预加热策略研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(11): 2014-2022.

Qiao Xue,Junqiu Li,Yansheng Xiao,Yu Zhao,Yu Liu,Dongxue Han. Research on the Preheating Strategy of Lithium Batteries Under Subzero Temperature for Electric Vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(11): 2014-2022.

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加热方法	电池容量/（A·h）	电流及倍率	温升/ （℃·min^-1）	单位温度所消耗SOC/%	温度一致性
PTC加热	35	1C直流	0.46		较差
脉冲加热	50	2C双向脉冲	1.94		较好
交流加热	2.5	833 Hz 2C 幅值交流	3.39	0.25	较好
全气候电池	7.5	1C直流	60	0.18	较好

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