非均匀热环境人体局部热响应对整体热感觉影响差异性分析

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2023.ep.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在车辆智能化与电动化趋势下满足人体热舒适性和车辆节能性双向需求是乘员舱区域化热环境管理的重要优化目标。尤其在高度非均匀“热-流”特性狭小空间环境中，只有正确认识并量化人体局部受热、响应和热需求的差异性与相关影响，才能高效地优化乘员舱热环境。为此，结合人体自身物理和生理热调节特性及其与乘员舱环境传热关系，建立人体热响应数值分析模型，分析非均匀局部气流作用下人体皮肤温度和热感觉变化规律，并应用影响因子分析方法量化局部与整体热感觉关系特征，得到局部气流作用状态对人体整体热感觉影响的不同关键部位。结果表明，在相同强度冷/热激励下，人体头部和手部是影响人体整体热感觉的主要部位，二者皮肤温度和热感觉变化幅值最大；高温环境中局部冷却作用需求的关键部位依次为头部、手部、前胸和后背，偏冷环境中局部加热作用需求的关键部位为头部、手部和脚部。

关键词: 非均匀热环境, 热舒适, 热感觉, 数值模型

Abstract:

Under the trend of vehicle intelligence and electrification， it is an important optimization goal of the regionalized thermal environment management performance of the passenger compartment to meet the requirements of both human thermal comfort and vehicle energy saving. Especially in the narrow space environment with highly non-uniform heat flow characteristics， the thermal environment of the passenger compartment can be optimized efficiently only by correctly understanding and quantifying the differences and related effect of local human body heating， response and heat demand. Therefore， combing the physical and physiological thermal regulation characteristics of the human body and its relationship with the environmental heat transfer of the passenger compartment， a numerical analysis model of the thermal response of the human body is established to analyze the variation law of human skin temperature and thermal sensation under the effect of non-uniform local heat flow. The influence factor analysis method is applied to quantify the characteristics of the relationship between local and overall thermal sensation， and different key parts of the effect of local heat flow on the overall thermal sensation of the human body are obtained. The results show that under the same intensity of cold/heat excitation， the head and hands of the human body are the main parts that affect the overall thermal sensation of the human body， with the largest variation amplitudes of the skin temperature and thermal sensation response. In a high temperature environment， the key parts with requirement for local cooling are the head， hands， chest and back in turn while in a cold environment those with requirement for local heating are the head， hands and feet.

Key words: non-uniform thermal environment, thermal comfort, thermal sensation, numerical model

陈吉清,李晓婷,兰凤崇,李伟健. 非均匀热环境人体局部热响应对整体热感觉影响差异性分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2023, 45(11): 2034-2046.

Jiqing Chen,Xiaoting Li,Fengchong Lan,Weijian Li. Analysis of Differential Effect of Local Thermal Response on Overall Thermal Sensation in Non-uniform Thermal Environment[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2023, 45(11): 2034-2046.

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人体部位	热敏感度权重系数ω_j
人体部位	冷却	加热
头部	0.19	0.21
前胸	0.08	0.10
后背	0.09	0.11
腹部	0.12	0.17
上臂	0.07	0.04
下臂	0.07	0.04
手部	0.10	0.10
大腿	0.12	0.07
小腿	0.09	0.06
脚部	0.07	0.10

男/女	年龄	体质量/kg	身高/cm	BMI
均值	25.4	66.0	172.4	22.1
极差	6	13	23.5	1.8

人体部位	初始皮肤温度/℃
头部	34.26
前胸	34.05
后背	35.36
腹部	33.02
上臂	30.08
下臂	30.59
手部	30.58
大腿	30.73
小腿	31.33
脚部	27.66

工况	激励方式	环境温度/℃	气流温度/℃	气流速度/ （m·s^-1）
对照组	无激励	36/16
工况1	逐一冷却	36	26	1
工况2	逐一加热	16	35	1
工况3	逐一冷却	36	22~30	1
工况4	逐一加热	16	33~45	1
工况5	逐一冷却	36	26	0.2~2
工况6	逐一加热	16	35	0.2~2

激励部位	皮肤温度变化值△T_sk/℃
激励部位	工况1（冷却）	工况2（加热）
头部	-2.96	3.56
前胸	-1.61	2.01
后背	-1.95	2.15
腹部	-3.77	2.28
上臂	-1.51	3.02
下臂	-1.49	3.39
手部	-4.61	9.12
大腿	-1.87	3.14
小腿	-1.47	2.75
脚部	-1.90	5.78