电动汽车侧柱碰安全性虚拟仿真研究

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.06.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The existing statistical results of side pole collision accidents reveal that the accident forms of electric vehicles （EVs） and internal-combustion engine vehicles are similar. However， considering the risk of battery pack collision and compression failure， the research on side pole collision of EVs should fully consider complex collision conditions and include safety evaluation factors such as obstacle type， geometric size， impact angle， impact location and speed. The finite element simulation is used in this study to conduct a virtual evaluation of the safety of a certain electric vehicle’s side pole collision. An orthogonal design of experiment is carried out to extract the mechanical response and body posture of the vehicle at different collision positions. The high correlation between collision speed and battery pack intrusion and cell deformation is identified. Impact location and impact angle collectively determine rotational behavior of EVs and resultant intrusion， which is further verified by simulation. As the main lateral force transmission path， the lateral beam of the battery pack enhances the lateral structural stiffness of the battery pack and significantly reduces intrusion. Further investigation of crash safety of EVs should take structural stiffness and rotational behaviors into consideration.

Key words: electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery pack, crash safety, side pole impact, finite element simulation

Jun Wang,Chenghao Ma,Zongxuan Shen,Bobin Xing,Yong Xia. Virtual Simulation Research on Crash Safety of Electric Vehicles Under Side Pole Impact[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(6): 1095-1102.

Figures/Tables 14

References 24

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项目	碰撞参数
碰撞工况
碰撞速度	v= 32， 37， 42， 52 km/h
碰撞角度	α=90°， 75°， 60°
碰撞位置	位置I，位置II，位置III
横梁结构	有电池包横梁，无电池包横梁

碰撞速度	碰撞角度	位置I	位置II	位置III
32 km/h	90°	79.0 mm	94.7 mm	94.5 mm
	75°		91.2 mm
	60°	70.8 mm
37 km/h	90°	103.4 mm	126.3 mm	114.8 mm
	75°	106.3 mm	116.1 mm	96.5 mm
	60°		79.2 mm
42 km/h	90°		144.2 mm
	75°	126.0 mm
	60°			95.2 mm

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Virtual Simulation Research on Crash Safety of Electric Vehicles Under Side Pole Impact

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