汽车工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1137-1146.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.07.001

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考虑运行参数可寻优范围的PEMFC系统净功率优化

徐寅嵩1,李文浩1,2(),杜常清1,2,颜伏伍1,2   

  1. 1.武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,武汉 430070
    2.武汉理工大学,现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-12 修回日期:2024-02-22 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 李文浩 E-mail:liwh@whut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003703)

Optimization of Net Power for PEMFC System Considering the Achievable Range of Operating Parameters

Yinsong Xu1,Wenhao Li1,2(),Changqing Du1,2,Fuwu Yan1,2   

  1. 1.School of Automotive Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan  430070
    2.Wuhan University of Technology,Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan  430070
  • Received:2024-01-12 Revised:2024-02-22 Online:2024-07-25 Published:2024-07-22
  • Contact: Wenhao Li E-mail:liwh@whut.edu.cn

摘要:

质子交换膜燃料电池电堆的运行参数对电堆输出性能和空压机、循环水泵和散热风扇等辅助设备的寄生功率都会产生影响,可通过对电堆运行参数进行优化来实现系统最大净功率输出目标。实际系统受到空压机性能和背压阀调节能力的限制,阴极运行参数的调节范围存在界限,本文基于MATLAB/Simulink软件建立62 kW燃料电池系统模型,通过仿真分析确定了各负载电流下的参数可优化范围,采用遗传算法对电堆温度、阴极压力和过氧比进行了优化。结果表明:在各负载电流下,提升电堆温度都有利于增加系统净功率,最优运行温度均为80 ℃。而过氧比和阴极压力在不同的负载电流下的优化方向是不同的;在低负载电流(50、100 A)下增加过氧比和阴极压力时,电堆输出功率的增长小于寄生功率,提供较低的过氧比和阴极压力有利于提升系统净功率;高负载电流(300 A)下,低过氧比和阴极压力会限制电堆输出功率,最低净功率仅为35.530 kW;合理增加过氧比和阴极压力后,获得的最优净功率为53.271 kW,通过运行参数优化可实现49.9%的净功率提升。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 运行参数优化, 系统净功率, 遗传算法

Abstract:

The operating parameters of the PEM fuel cell stack have an impact on the performance of the stack output as well as the parasitic power of auxiliary devices such as air compressor, recirculation pump and cooling fan. System maximum net power output goals can be achieved by optimizing the operating parameters of the fuel cell stack. Forthe actual system, constrained by the performance of the air compressor and the regulating capacity of the backpressure valve, the adjustment range of cathode operating parameters is limited. In this paper, the 62 kW fuel cell system model is established based on MATLAB/Simulink. Through simulation analysis, the achievable ranges of parameters optimization under various load currents are determined. Genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the fuel cell stack temperature, cathode pressure, and oxygen excess ratio. The results show that increasing the temperature of the fuel cell stack at various load currents is advantageous for enhancing the system's net power, with the optimal operating temperature being 80 ℃. However, the optimization direction for the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure varies at different load currents. At low load current (50, 100 A), increasing the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure results in a smaller growth in stack output power compared to the parasitic power. Providing lower oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure is advantageous for enhancing the net power of the system. At high load current (300 A), low oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure will limit the output power of the stack, with the lowest net power of only 35.530 kW. After the oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure are reasonably increased, the optimal net power is 53.271 kW, and the net power can be increased by 49.9% through the optimization of operating parameters.

Key words: PEMFC, operation parameter optimization, net power of the system, genetic algorithm