高能锂电池模组新型液冷散热结构及散热优化

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermal runaway in power battery is a significant cause of safety incidents in new energy electric vehicles. To enhance the thermal safety and reliability of high-energy power battery systems in electric vehicles， a novel cooling structure is designed for the high-energy density 21700-battery module. Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） theory， the Fluent software is employed to conduct numerical simulation of the temperature field and cooling effect of the 21700 battery cell and the cooling structure of the module. The orthogonal experiment is used in conjunction with range analysis and variance analysis to study the effect of the novel parameters in cooling structure， contact angle α， and cooling parameters in process， coolant velocity v and flow direction mode р， on cooling performance. The weight ranking of these parameters' influence and their optimal combination are determined. The results show that the parameters influencing cooling performance， ranked by their impact from greatest to least， are contact angle α， coolant flow rate v， and coolant flow direction р. The optimal parameters combination of contact angle α， flow direction mode р， and coolant velocity v is 73°， mode 3， and 0.010 m/s， respectively. Under the optimal parameters， the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery module is 28.68 and 2.65 ℃， respectively， which meet the requirements of the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the power battery module. The novel liquid cooling structure for high-energy 21700 lithium-ion battery module proposed in this paper is expected to provide a new structure， new technology and new method for cooling high-energy and high-power battery modules.

Key words: electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, liquid cooling, cooling structure, orthogonal experiments, optimization design

Xiang Chen,Liping He,Yongkun Xiao,Duanmao Chen,Yaodong Li. Innovative Liquid Cooling Structure and Thermal Optimization for High-Energy Lithium Battery Modules[J].Automotive Engineering, 2025, 47(6): 1086-1094.

Figures/Tables 18

项目		α	p	v
T_max	$K i 1 ˉ$	32.68	30.82	31.43
	$K i 2 ˉ$	30.80	30.70	30.71
	$K i 3 ˉ$	29.70	30.61	30.30
	$K i 4 ˉ$	29.27	30.33	30.02
	R	3.41	0.49	1.41
ΔT_max	$K i 1 ˉ$	5.37	4.13	4.41
	$K i 2 ˉ$	4.21	4.05	4.01
	$K i 3 ˉ$	3.31	3.40	3.79
	$K i 4 ˉ$	2.97	3.68	3.64
	R	2.40	0.63	0.77

References 21

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试验序号	α/（°）	p	v/（m·s^-1）
1	58	流向1	0.004
2	58	流向2	0.006
3	58	流向3	0.008
4	58	流向4	0.010
5	63	流向1	0.006
6	63	流向2	0.004
7	63	流向3	0.010
8	63	流向4	0.008
9	68	流向1	0.008
10	68	流向2	0.010
11	68	流向3	0.004
12	68	流向4	0.006
13	73	流向1	0.010
14	73	流向2	0.008
15	73	流向3	0.006
16	73	流向4	0.004

方差来源	SS	U	MS	F值	P值
接触角α	27.205	3	9.068 32	36.54	0.000 3
流向р	1.006 4	3	0.335 46	1.35	0.343 7
流速v	2.861 4	3	0.953 81	3.84	0.075 6

方差来源	SS	U	MS	F值	P值
接触角α	12.953 4	3	4.317 8	53.92	0.000 1
流向р	0.517 3	3	0.172 45	2.15	0.194 7
流速v	0.742 7	3	0.247 58	3.09	0.111 2

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Innovative Liquid Cooling Structure and Thermal Optimization for High-Energy Lithium Battery Modules

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