汽车工程 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 929-935.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2022.06.015

所属专题: 底盘&动力学&整车性能专题2022年

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基于Payne效应的膜式空气弹簧非线性动刚度模型

邬明宇1,陈志刚2,3,童浩4,王静1,尹航1,郑文博2,3,李耀2,3,禹真2,3,危银涛1()   

  1. 1.清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京  100084
    2.中国第一汽车股份有限公司研发总院,长春  130013
    3.汽车振动噪声与安全控制综合技术国家重点试验室,长春  130013
    4.科马智能悬架技术(青岛)有限公司,青岛  266300
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30 修回日期:2022-01-04 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 危银涛 E-mail:weiyt@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51761135124)

Nonlinear Dynamic Stiffness Model of Rolling-Lobe Air Spring Based on Payne Effect

Mingyu Wu1,Zhigang Chen2,3,Hao Tong4,Jing Wang1,Hang Yin1,Wenbo Zheng2,3,Yao Li2,3,Zhen Yu2,3,Yintao Wei1()   

  1. 1.School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing  100084
    2.General Research and Development Institute,China FAW Corporation Limited,Changchun  130013
    3.State Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Technology on Automobile Vibration and Noise & Safety Control,Changchun  130013
    4.Cosmartor Intelligent Suspension Tech. (Qingdao) Co. ,Ltd. ,Qingdao  266300
  • Received:2021-11-30 Revised:2022-01-04 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-06-28
  • Contact: Yintao Wei E-mail:weiyt@tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要:

本文中提出了一种考虑气囊橡胶Payne效应和热力学等效刚度阻尼滞回特性的膜式空气弹簧非线性动刚度模型,以解决空气弹簧动刚度非线性建模难题,并为气囊结构设计与材料选择提供理论依据。首先,通过示功试验对动刚度实部和虚部进行参数识别,表明在小振幅下,气囊橡胶Payne效应会引起动刚度的增大,并验证了不同振幅和频率激励下模型的正确性。接着,从振幅和频率两个维度给出了各解耦变量贡献度变化趋势的物理解释。结果显示,气囊橡胶的Payne效应使动刚度实部随振幅增大而减小,虚部随振幅增大呈现先增大后逐渐减小的趋势;气体刚度和由热交换产生的等效阻尼会使动刚度实部随频率升高逐渐增大,虚部随频率升高先增大后减小。最后给出了一个反映橡胶气囊动刚度贡献率的膜式空气弹簧新的评价指标,可直接表征空气弹簧低幅动态性能和结构设计与材料选择的优劣。试验表明,该值主要随振幅增加明显下降,橡胶气囊在低振幅时产生的刚度不可忽视。

关键词: Payne效应, 热力学, 滞回特性, 非线性

Abstract:

In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic stiffness model of rolling-lobe air spring with consideration of the Payne effect of the rubber and the hysteresis characteristics of the thermodynamic equivalent stiffness and damping is proposed to overcome the difficulty in modeling the nonlinear dynamic stiffness of air spring and provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and material selection of rolling-lobe. Firstly, parameter identification is conducted for the real and imaginary parts of dynamic stiffness by indicator diagram test, showing that the Payne effect of rubber causes the increase of dynamic stiffness under small amplitude with the correctness of the model under the excitations with different amplitudes and frequencies verified. Then, the physical explanation of the changing trend of the contribution of each decoupled variables is given from the two dimensions of amplitude and frequency. The results indicate that due to the Payne effect of the rubber, the real part of dynamic stiffness reduces and its imaginary part increases first and then gradually reduces with the increase of amplitude. And due to the stiffness of air and the equivalent damping generated by heat exchange, the real part of dynamic stiffness gradually increases and its imaginary part increases first and then reduces with the increase of frequency. Finally, a new evaluation indicator reflecting the contribution ratio of the dynamic stiffness of the rubber lobe is given, which can directly characterize the low-amplitude dynamic performance and the rationality of structural design and material selection of air spring. The test results indicate that this indicator obviously reduces with the increase of amplitude, so the dynamic stiffness at low amplitude generated by rubber lobe should not be ignored.

Key words: Payne effect, thermodynamics, hysteretic characteristics, nonlinearity