汽车工程 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 703-716.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2024.04.016
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2023-08-03
修回日期:
2023-10-05
出版日期:
2024-04-25
发布日期:
2024-04-24
通讯作者:
孟德安
E-mail:deanmeng@chd.edu.cn
基金资助:
Jianping Wang,Jian Ma,Dean Meng(),Xuan Zhao,Qi Bian,Kai Zhang,Qiquan Liu
Received:
2023-08-03
Revised:
2023-10-05
Online:
2024-04-25
Published:
2024-04-24
Contact:
Dean Meng
E-mail:deanmeng@chd.edu.cn
摘要:
永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)因转速范围宽、输出转矩大、调速响应快、尺寸小、质量轻等优点被广泛应用于电动汽车驱动系统。受恶劣气候、异常振动和频繁起动-制动工况因素影响,PMSM易发生匝间短路、退磁、轴承磨损等故障。本文针对PMSM相似故障单一维度信号下难区分以及工作条件发生变化时传统诊断方法鲁棒性差的问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解-对称点模式(empirical mode decomposition-symmetric dot pattern,EMD-SDP)图像特征和改进DenseNet相结合的车用永磁同步电机故障诊断方法。首先,通过实验获取不同状态的电机在多种工况下振动信号,将预处理的振动信号进行EMD处理,求解不同层级本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF);其次,将原始振动信号转化为SDP图像,对不同层级IMF转化为RGB色彩特征在SDP图像上显示出来;然后,通过融合scSE注意力机制改进DenseNet学习图像数据集构建分类网络模型;最后,按照信号-图像-网络的流程对待测电机状态进行评估与诊断。诊断结果表明:所提出的方法在稳态和变速瞬态工况下均表现良好的性能。在恒速恒载工况下,所提的方法达到最高的故障诊断准确率(99.72%),相比基准的DenseNet的准确率(98.06%)提升了1.66个百分点。改进后的DenseNet模型和DenseNet模型的ROC曲线最接近左上角,AUC均值分别为0.997 4和0.974 5;在加速恒载和减速恒载工况下,改进后的DenseNet模型也达到了最高的诊断准确率,分别为96.88%和97.08%。AUC均值分别为0.987 7和0.986 9。本文所提出的方法的总体性能优于传统方法,能有效地用于速度变化时的故障诊断。
王建平,马建,孟德安,赵轩,边琦,张凯,刘启全. 基于EMD-SDP图像特征和改进DenseNet车用PMSM故障诊断[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(4): 703-716.
Jianping Wang,Jian Ma,Dean Meng,Xuan Zhao,Qi Bian,Kai Zhang,Qiquan Liu. Fault Diagnosis of Automotive PMSMs Based on EMD-SDP Image Features and Improved DenseNet[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(4): 703-716.
表3
匀速恒载样本(数据集A)"
电机 状态 | 数据集A(训练集/验证集/测试集) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 000 r/min | 1 500 r/min | 2 000 r/min | |||||||
空载 | 半载 | 额定负载 | 空载 | 半载 | 额定负载 | 空载 | 半载 | 额定负载 | |
HC | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 |
ITSF | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 |
LDF | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 |
EF | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 | 60/20/20 |
总数 | 2160/720/720 |
表4
速度变化时用于测试的数据集B和C"
电机 状态 | 数据集B(测试集) (空载/半载/额定负载) | 数据集C(测试集) (空载/半载/额定负载) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 000~1 250 r/min | 1 250~1 500 r/min | 1 500~1 750 r/min | 1 750~2 000 r/min | 2 000~1 750 r/min | 1 750~1 500 r/min | 1 500~1 250 r/min | 1 250~1 000 r/min | |
HC | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 |
ITSF | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 |
LDF | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 |
EF | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 | 10/10/10 |
总数 | 160/160/160 | 160/160/160 |
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