汽车工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 875-887.doi: 10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2025.05.008

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车用PMSM无位置传感器控制的瞬态性能提升方法

林程1,徐垚1,张虹1(),邢济垒2,李希宸1   

  1. 1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京 100081
    2.清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29 修回日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 张虹 E-mail:zhanghong@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52376167)

Transient Performance Enhancement Method for Position Sensorless Control for Automotive PMSMs

Cheng Lin1,Yao Xu1,Hong Zhang1(),Jilei Xing2,Xichen Li1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081
    2.School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084
  • Received:2024-11-29 Revised:2025-01-10 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Hong Zhang E-mail:zhanghong@bit.edu.cn

摘要:

针对纯电动商用车转向助力油泵应用中的永磁同步电机瞬态响应不足的难题,提出一种基于级联扩张状态观测器的转速环优化策略。设计了扩展卡尔曼滤波器作为无位置传感器控制基础,自适应设计避免了参数整定复杂、收敛速度慢的问题。通过内外扰动的级联观测,并采用线性反馈控制率替代传统PI控制器,提升了转速环的抗扰和跟踪能力。台架实验表明,本文所提无传感器控制架构在动态和稳态工况下显著降低了位置估计误差,稳态误差仅为1.4°;优化的转速环控制有效提升了系统抗扰能力和电机瞬态响应性能。实车可靠性测试显示,转向助力电机控制器运行稳定,无性能故障发生。

关键词: 永磁同步电机, 无位置传感器控制, 扩展卡尔曼滤波, 扩张状态观测器

Abstract:

A speed loop optimization strategy based on cascaded extended state observer (ESO) is proposed to address the insufficient transient response of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for steering power oil pump application in pure electric commercial vehicles. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed as the basis of position sensorless control, with the adaptive design to avoid the problems of complicated parameter tuning and slow convergence. The anti-disturbance and tracking ability of the speed loop is improved by the cascaded observation of internal and external disturbances, and the use of the linear state error feedback control rate (LSEFC) for replacement of the traditional PI controller. The bench tests show that the sensorless control scheme proposed in this paper significantly reduces the position estimation error under dynamic and steady-state conditions, with a steady-state error of only 1.4°. The optimized speed loop control effectively improves the system's performance of disturbance rejection and transient response. The reliability test shows that the steering power motor controller operates stably without performance failure.

Key words: permanent magnet synchronous motor, position sensorless control, extended Kalman filter, extended state observer