新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究*

doi:10.19562/j.chinasae.qcgc.2020.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高电动汽车的能源经济性,减少低温制热性能衰减问题,提出并分析对比了3种用于低温环境的热泵空调系统解决方案:(1)余热回收利用:回收利用电池、电机和电控系统的余热,提高热泵空调系统性能的同时,优化整车的能量消耗。(2)蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统:对R1234yf制冷剂的蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统进行了试验研究。结果表明,开蒸汽喷射比不开蒸汽喷射时的热泵系统的制热COP约高10%～30%,环境温度越低,制热COP改善越明显。(3)CO₂制冷剂热泵空调系统:研究显示由于CO₂制冷剂的特性,热泵系统可在环境温度-20　℃稳定有效地采暖。得出的结论是,目前利用蒸汽喷射热泵空调系统是解决新能源电动汽车低温采暖的有效手段,而在未来,使用自然制冷剂CO₂是必然趋势。

关键词: 电动汽车, 低温热泵, R1234yf, 余热回收, 蒸汽喷射, CO₂

Abstract: In order to enhance the energy economy of electric vehicles and reduce the degradation of low-temperature heating performance, three solutions of heat pump air conditioning system in low temperature environment are proposed and comparatively analyzed: (1) waste heat recovery and utilization: the waste heat of battery, motor and electric control system is recovered and utilized, optimizing the energy consumption of vehicle while improving the performance of heat pump air conditioning system; (2) vapor-injection heat pump air conditioning system: experimental study is conducted on heat pump air conditioning system using R1234yf refrigerant, and the results show that the heat generating COP with vapor injection is about 10%~30% higher than that without vapor injection. The lower the ambient temperature, the more obvious the improvement of COP;(3) heat pump air conditioning system with CO₂ refrigerant: researches indicate that due to the characteristics of CO₂ refrigerant, heat pump system can provide stable and effective heating at an ambient temperature of - 20　℃. So a conclusion is drawn that at present, vapor injection heat pump air conditioning system is an effective mean for the low temperature heating in electric vehicles, while in the future, the use of natural refrigerant CO₂ will be the inevitable trend

Key words: electric vehicle, low temperature heat pump, R1234yf, waste heat recovery, vapor injection, CO₂

汪琳琳, 焦鹏飞, 王伟, 伊虎城, 牟连嵩, 刘双喜, 许翔. 新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究^*[J]. 汽车工程, 2020, 42(12): 1744-1750.

Wang Linlin, Jiao Pengfei, Wang Wei, Yi Hucheng, Mu Liansong, Liu Shuangxi, Xu Xiang. Research on Low Temperature Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in New Energy Electric Vehicle[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(12): 1744-1750.

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新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究^*

Research on Low Temperature Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in New Energy Electric Vehicle

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